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This text is the result of a master's research project carried out at the University of São Paulo between 2007 and 2010, supervised by Professor Roberto Bolzani Filho. In this text we intend to analyze the argument developed by Plato in his most famous work, The Republic, which establishes the philosopher as the political sovereign in the city and the genuinely just individual. To do this, we try to analyze the discourse presented in the central books of the work (books IV, V, VI and VII) in which Plato develops a conception of the nature of philosophy as an imitation of the Forms and justifies the superiority of the philosopher based on his exclusive understanding of the Good. We intend to refute the widespread assessment of Plato's argument that accuses him of constructing two irreconcilable conceptions of the philosopher: the practical philosopher and the contemplative philosopher. We will thus go through some of the main ethical, political, epistemological and ontological theses of the work to show that philosophy in The Republic is understood as the taking of a complex existential position that shapes all aspects of an individual's life.