Eleftherios K. Venizelos arrived in Greece in 1910 as the long-awaited "Messiah" and rapidly climbed the steps of political power thanks to a mass protest movement, which had strongly populist characteristics and became remembered as the "Revolution." Although he himself declared from the outset that he was opposed to populism, "demagogy," and "adventurism," his first political success in Greece was due to this large wave of protest, which disrupted the political system. The army played a decisive role in this political change, actively intervening in public affairs, as did Greece's "misfortune" in its national issue (1897). Venizelos's rise to power was part of a broader trend of a new generation of charismatic, radical politicians (such as Clemenceau in France and Giovanni Giolitti in Italy), who emerged onto the political stage of Southern European states in the late first and early second decade of the 20th century following serious "misfortunes" of their countries abroad. Throughout his political career, Eleftherios Venizelos constantly moved between reform and revolution. It is no coincidence that his biographers narrate his trajectory within a revolutionary cycle, which opens in 1905 (in Theriso) and closes in March 1935. He himself liked to declare that he was a "professional revolutionary" against the established authority and the despotism of the Crown. The starting point of his revolutions until 1922 was the national issue. His deep rupture with the Crown in 1915-17, historically known as the "National Schism," bore similarities to the crisis of interventismo and neutralismo that shook neighboring Italy (1914-15). Venizelos's radicalism and sharp political rhetoric transformed this governmental ("ministerial") crisis into a constitutional one. Despite his revolutionary profile, in constitutional practice Venizelos was, however, a consummate realist and knew how to make major compromises with the Crown and the dynasty, as happened in 1910-11 and 1917, when fundamental constitutional reforms were limited.
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