The historical context of Aquinas' life and work cannot be separated from the intellectual environment of the 13th century, marked by a resurgence of interest in classical Greek philosophy, particularly the works of Aristotle. Though Aristotle's writings had been preserved and transmitted through the Arab philosophers such as Avicenna and Averroes, it was in the Latin West that they were thoroughly integrated into Christian scholasticism, thanks largely to Aquinas. Aquinas' encounter with Aristotelian thoughtan encounter that was to shape his theologywas not without tension. Early Christian thinkers, like Augustine of Hippo, had been wary of the pagan philosopher, emphasizing instead the Neoplatonic tradition. However, Aquinas was able to harmonize the two, integrating Aristotle's empirical and rational approach with Christian teachings on faith, divine revelation, and salvation. He believed that reason and faith were not opposites but complementary truths that together lead to a more profound understanding of God and the world.
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