Kenneth Kee

Nystagmus, (Rapid Eye Movements) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Nystagmus is a symptom seen as a repetitive, involuntary, to and fro oscillation of the eyes.
It may be congenital or acquired.
It is a symptom, not a diagnosis.
It is normally involuntary.
It may be physiological or pathological:
Physiological nystagmus happens:
1. During rotation of the body in space (vestibular nystagmus) or
2. During ocular following of moving scenes and acts to preserve clear vision (optokinetic nystagmus).
Pathological nystagmus induces the eyes to drift away from the visual target, hence degrading the vision
Nystagmus is a form of fast, uncontrollable movements of the eyes that may be:
1. Side to side (horizontal nystagmus)
2. Up and down (vertical nystagmus)
3. Rotary (rotary or torsional nystagmus)
Dependent on the cause, these movements may be in both eyes or in just one eye.
The involuntary eye movements of nystagmus are produced by abnormal function in the areas of the brain that control eye movements.
The part of the inner ear that senses movement and position (the labyrinth) helps regulate eye movements.
Causes of Nystagmus
Nystagmus may occur from lesions or malfunctions in many parts of the optic (optokinetic nystagmus) and vestibular (vestibular nystagmus) systems.
Most congenital nystagmus is neurological in origin, even though other important causes are:
1. Albinism,
2. Congenital cataracts,
3. Eye movement disorders and
4. Very high myopia or astigmatism.
Acquired nystagmus
The most frequent cause of acquired nystagmus is certain drugs or medicines.
1. Phenytoin (Dilantin) - an antiseizure medicine,
2. Excessive alcohol, or
3. Sedating medicine
All these medicines can impair the labyrinth's function.
Other causes are:
1. Head injury from motor vehicle accidents
2. Inner ear disorders such as labyrinthitis or Meniere disease
3. Stroke
4. Thiamine or vitamin B12 deficiency
5. Any brain disease, such as brain tumors
Acute nystagmus, with or without oscillopsia, may be linked with:
1. Ataxia,
2. Reduced visual acuity and
3. Falls.
Symptoms
Generally, late-acquired nystagmus and saccadic oscillations induce:
1. Oscillopsia,
2. Nausea and
3. Vertigo
In contrast, most nystagmus manifesting congenitally or in early childhood is not followed by oscillopsia.
Most patients with early-onset or congenital nystagmus also have decreased acuity.
Diagnosis
The doctor will take a careful history and do a complete physical examination, focusing on the nervous system and inner ear.
The doctor may ask the patient to wear a pair of goggles that magnify the eyes for part of the examination.
The patient may have these tests:
1. CT scan of the head
2. Electro-oculography: An electrical method of measuring eye movements using tiny electrodes
3. MRI of the head
4. Vestibular testing by recording the movements of the eyes
Treatment
Home Care
The patient may wish to make changes in the home to assist with dizziness, visual problems, or nervous system disorders.
There is no treatment for most patients of congenital nystagmus.
Treatment for acquired nystagmus is dependent on the cause.
In some patients, nystagmus cannot be reversed.
In instances due to medicines or infection, the nystagmus normally goes away after the cause has become better.
It may be conservative, medical (e.g., gabapentin, baclofen) or surgical.
The surgical treatment is unusual and requires changing the insertion of the relevant extra-ocular muscles.
Neurosurgery may be done where there is an underlying operable lesion.
Botulinum toxin injections can decrease some nystagmic movements even though results are normally temporary.
Gabapentin and memantine have also some success at reducing the effects of acquired nystagmus and are useful for congenital nystagmus

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Kenneth Kee
• Erscheinungstermin: 30. Oktober 2017
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781370288915
• Artikelnr.: 49723848

Autorenporträt

Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...