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An authoritative exploration of soil health management and land-use strategies in the Iberian Peninsula In Soil Health and Sustainability in Spain and Portugal, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an authoritative overview and soil health assessment of the Iberian Peninsula focusing on agrosystems and forests. The book explores the potential effects of different management and land-use strategies. The Iberian Peninsula, a famously diverse area of land - in terms of climate, landscape, and soil - faces unique and varied limitations on agricultural production and soil…mehr
An authoritative exploration of soil health management and land-use strategies in the Iberian Peninsula
In Soil Health and Sustainability in Spain and Portugal, a team of distinguished researchers delivers an authoritative overview and soil health assessment of the Iberian Peninsula focusing on agrosystems and forests. The book explores the potential effects of different management and land-use strategies.
The Iberian Peninsula, a famously diverse area of land - in terms of climate, landscape, and soil - faces unique and varied limitations on agricultural production and soil conservation. This book addresses these limitations and provides a vision of how newly developed and traditional soil management techniques can induce changes in soil health.
Readers will also find:
Thorough comparisons of different approaches to soil health assessment in the Iberian Peninsula
Comprehensive explorations of soil health evaluation in arid conditions and irrigated soils
Practical discussions of the resilience of agrosystems developed to address climate change
Treatments for forest and croplands soil health in Spain and Portugal
Perfect for soil and agricultural scientists, Soil Health and Sustainability in Spain and Portugal will also benefit anyone with an interest in sustainability issues in the Iberian Peninsula.
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Autorenporträt
Iñigo Virto is a Professor of Soil Science at the College of Agricultural Engineering and Biosciences of Universidad Publica de Navarra in Pamplona, Spain. Rodrigo Antón is an Assistant Professor at the College of Agricultural Engineering and Biosciences of Universidad Publica de Navarra in Pamplona, Spain.
Inhaltsangabe
Soil Health Insights From Spain and Portugal xiii Preface xvii 1 Soil Health in the Iberian Peninsula 1 Iñigo Virto, Rodrigo Antón, Miguel Itarte, and Alberto Enrique Chapter Overview 1 Introduction 1 General Geophysical Characteristics and Land Uses 4 Historical Assessment 13 Case Studies in This Book 17 Agricultural Soils 18 Forest Soils 22 Urban Soils 24 Acknowledgments 24 References 24 2 Soil Health Evaluation for Permanent Crops Under Semiarid Mediterranean Conditions: Principles, Processes, Practices, and Policy Options 29 María Almagro, Noelia Garcia- Franco, and María Martínez- Mena Chapter Overview 29 Soil Relevance and Global Threats 30 Soil Health, Sustainable Soil Management, and Ecological Intensification to Combat Global Threats: Desertification, Climate Change, and Biodiversity Loss 32 Soil Health and Sustainable Soil Management: Concept Evolution and Research Progress 37 Lessons Learned from a Case Study 42 Scientific Knowledge Gaps, Research Needs, and Policy Recommendations 46 Acknowledgments 49 References 49 3 Soil Health and Agricultural Production of Diversified Crops in Southeastern Spain 61 Virginia Sánchez- Navarro, Jessica Cuartero, Onurcan Özbolat, Carolina Boix- Fayos, María Martínez- Mena, María Almagro, Elvira Díaz- Pereira, Margarita Ros, Jose A. Pascual, Juan A. Fernández, and Raúl Zornoza Chapter Overview 61 Introduction 62 Material and Methods 65 Study Site and Experimental Design 65 Soil Sampling 69 Soil Physicochemical Analyses 70 Soil Structure 70 Water Retention 70 Nutrient Availability 70 Carbon Sequestration 70 DNA Extraction and Bioinformatics 71 Functional Genes 72 Crop Production 72 Statistical Analysis 74 Results 75 Soil Physicochemical and Biological Properties 75 Crop Production 84 Interrelationship Between Soil Properties and Crop Production 84 Discussion 86 Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration 86 Biological Properties 89 Crop Production 89 Conclusions 90 Acknowledgments 90 References 90 4 Urban Soil Health: A Case Study from Northwestern Spain 99 Remigio Paradelo Núñez Chapter Overview 99 Introduction 100 Study Area 101 Results and Discussion 104 Soil Nutrients and pH 104 Soil Pollutants, Salts, and Excess Nutrients 105 Soil Structure 107 Soil Organic Carbon 107 Soil Biodiversity 108 Recommendations 108 Conclusion 109 References 110 5 Management Practices and Land Use to Enhance Soil Health of Highly Weathered Degraded Acid Soils in the Iberian Peninsula 115 Chiquinquirá Hontoria, Ignacio Mariscal- Sancho, Fernando Peregrina, and Rafael Espejo Chapter Overview 115 Introduction 116 Soil Problems in the Rañas of the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula 116 Characteristics of the Study Area 118 Experimental Trials and Measurements 119 Experimental Trials 119 Measurements and Data Analysis 120 Effects of Land Use and Management on Chemical Properties 120 Effects of Land Use 120 Evaluation of Different Calcium Amendments 124 Effect of the Tillage System on the Calcium Amendment 125 Effects of Land Use and Management on Soil Organic Carbon 127 Effects of Land Use and Management on Physical Properties 132 Effect of Management on Crop and Water- Soil Relations 133 Management Effects on Crop Productivity 134 Effects of Management on Microbiological Properties 138 Effects of Management and Land Use on Enzyme Activity and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi 140 Impact on GHG Emissions 142 Conclusion 144 Acknowledgments 145 References 145 6 Can Irrigation Enhance Soil Health? Multi- Scale Analysis of Its Effects on Agricultural Soils in Navarre, Spain 153 Rodrigo Antón, Alberto Enrique, Isabel S. de Soto, Henar Urmeneta, Delphine Derrien, and Iñigo Virto Chapter Overview 153 Introduction 154 Characterization of the Region of Navarre 157 Assessment of the Effect of Irrigation at the Experimental Field Scale 161 Approach and Methodology 161 Results and Discussion 162 Regional Assessment of the Effect of Irrigation on Soil Health in the Region of Navarre 166 Approach and Methodology 166 Results and Discussion 171 Conclusion 180 Acknowledgments 182 References 183 7 Applicability of Visual Assessment for Evaluating Soil Health in Managed Planted Forests in Northern Spain 191 Nahia Gartzia- Bengoetxea, Inazio Martínez de Arano, and Ander Arias- González Chapter Overview 191 Introduction 192 Materials and Methods 194 Study Area and Experimental Plots 194 Visual Assessment of Soil Health 195 Relationship of Visual Categories with Physicochemical Characteristics of the Soil 197 Data Processing and Statistical Analysis 203 Results 204 Discussion 207 Conclusion 210 Acknowledgments 211 References 211 >25 Years of Sewage Sludge Application in Arable Crops in Northern Spain 217 Ana Simoes- Mota, Armelle Zaragüeta, Rodrigo Antón, Luis Orcaray, Alberto Enrique, Isabel S. de Soto, and Iñigo Virto Chapter Overview 217 Introduction 218 Materials and Methods 221 Statistical Analysis 229 Results 230 Discussion 239 Effect of SS on Soil Indicators 239 General Soil Health Assessment 243 Conclusions 245 Acknowledgments 246 References 246 9 Soil Health in Forest and Agroforestry Systems in Portugal 257 Manuel Madeira, Fernando Raimundo, Ana Raquel Rodrigues, Afonso Martins, António Fabião, and Paula Soares Chapter Overview 257 Introduction 258 Study Sites and Experiments 261 Eucalypt Plantations 261 Oak Woodlands 263 Chestnut Groves 265 Concepts and Indicators 265 Soil Quality in Forestry and Agroforestry Systems 268 Eucalypt Plantations 268 Intensive Site Preparation: Deep Plowing Versus Superficial Harrowing 268 Harvest Residue Management Effects 269 Harvest Residue Management and Biological Indicators 273 Soil Quality in Evergreen Oak Woodlands 274 Effect of Scattered Oak Trees 274 Replacement of Natural Pastures by Improved Pastures 275 Replacement of Shrub Understory by Improved Pastures 278 Grazing Systems 280 Shrub Encroachment in Degraded Soil 282 Soil Quality in Chestnut Groves 282 General Considerations and Perspectives 288 Acknowledgment 292 References 292
Soil Health Insights From Spain and Portugal xiii Preface xvii 1 Soil Health in the Iberian Peninsula 1 Iñigo Virto, Rodrigo Antón, Miguel Itarte, and Alberto Enrique Chapter Overview 1 Introduction 1 General Geophysical Characteristics and Land Uses 4 Historical Assessment 13 Case Studies in This Book 17 Agricultural Soils 18 Forest Soils 22 Urban Soils 24 Acknowledgments 24 References 24 2 Soil Health Evaluation for Permanent Crops Under Semiarid Mediterranean Conditions: Principles, Processes, Practices, and Policy Options 29 María Almagro, Noelia Garcia- Franco, and María Martínez- Mena Chapter Overview 29 Soil Relevance and Global Threats 30 Soil Health, Sustainable Soil Management, and Ecological Intensification to Combat Global Threats: Desertification, Climate Change, and Biodiversity Loss 32 Soil Health and Sustainable Soil Management: Concept Evolution and Research Progress 37 Lessons Learned from a Case Study 42 Scientific Knowledge Gaps, Research Needs, and Policy Recommendations 46 Acknowledgments 49 References 49 3 Soil Health and Agricultural Production of Diversified Crops in Southeastern Spain 61 Virginia Sánchez- Navarro, Jessica Cuartero, Onurcan Özbolat, Carolina Boix- Fayos, María Martínez- Mena, María Almagro, Elvira Díaz- Pereira, Margarita Ros, Jose A. Pascual, Juan A. Fernández, and Raúl Zornoza Chapter Overview 61 Introduction 62 Material and Methods 65 Study Site and Experimental Design 65 Soil Sampling 69 Soil Physicochemical Analyses 70 Soil Structure 70 Water Retention 70 Nutrient Availability 70 Carbon Sequestration 70 DNA Extraction and Bioinformatics 71 Functional Genes 72 Crop Production 72 Statistical Analysis 74 Results 75 Soil Physicochemical and Biological Properties 75 Crop Production 84 Interrelationship Between Soil Properties and Crop Production 84 Discussion 86 Soil Fertility and Carbon Sequestration 86 Biological Properties 89 Crop Production 89 Conclusions 90 Acknowledgments 90 References 90 4 Urban Soil Health: A Case Study from Northwestern Spain 99 Remigio Paradelo Núñez Chapter Overview 99 Introduction 100 Study Area 101 Results and Discussion 104 Soil Nutrients and pH 104 Soil Pollutants, Salts, and Excess Nutrients 105 Soil Structure 107 Soil Organic Carbon 107 Soil Biodiversity 108 Recommendations 108 Conclusion 109 References 110 5 Management Practices and Land Use to Enhance Soil Health of Highly Weathered Degraded Acid Soils in the Iberian Peninsula 115 Chiquinquirá Hontoria, Ignacio Mariscal- Sancho, Fernando Peregrina, and Rafael Espejo Chapter Overview 115 Introduction 116 Soil Problems in the Rañas of the Southwestern Iberian Peninsula 116 Characteristics of the Study Area 118 Experimental Trials and Measurements 119 Experimental Trials 119 Measurements and Data Analysis 120 Effects of Land Use and Management on Chemical Properties 120 Effects of Land Use 120 Evaluation of Different Calcium Amendments 124 Effect of the Tillage System on the Calcium Amendment 125 Effects of Land Use and Management on Soil Organic Carbon 127 Effects of Land Use and Management on Physical Properties 132 Effect of Management on Crop and Water- Soil Relations 133 Management Effects on Crop Productivity 134 Effects of Management on Microbiological Properties 138 Effects of Management and Land Use on Enzyme Activity and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi 140 Impact on GHG Emissions 142 Conclusion 144 Acknowledgments 145 References 145 6 Can Irrigation Enhance Soil Health? Multi- Scale Analysis of Its Effects on Agricultural Soils in Navarre, Spain 153 Rodrigo Antón, Alberto Enrique, Isabel S. de Soto, Henar Urmeneta, Delphine Derrien, and Iñigo Virto Chapter Overview 153 Introduction 154 Characterization of the Region of Navarre 157 Assessment of the Effect of Irrigation at the Experimental Field Scale 161 Approach and Methodology 161 Results and Discussion 162 Regional Assessment of the Effect of Irrigation on Soil Health in the Region of Navarre 166 Approach and Methodology 166 Results and Discussion 171 Conclusion 180 Acknowledgments 182 References 183 7 Applicability of Visual Assessment for Evaluating Soil Health in Managed Planted Forests in Northern Spain 191 Nahia Gartzia- Bengoetxea, Inazio Martínez de Arano, and Ander Arias- González Chapter Overview 191 Introduction 192 Materials and Methods 194 Study Area and Experimental Plots 194 Visual Assessment of Soil Health 195 Relationship of Visual Categories with Physicochemical Characteristics of the Soil 197 Data Processing and Statistical Analysis 203 Results 204 Discussion 207 Conclusion 210 Acknowledgments 211 References 211 >25 Years of Sewage Sludge Application in Arable Crops in Northern Spain 217 Ana Simoes- Mota, Armelle Zaragüeta, Rodrigo Antón, Luis Orcaray, Alberto Enrique, Isabel S. de Soto, and Iñigo Virto Chapter Overview 217 Introduction 218 Materials and Methods 221 Statistical Analysis 229 Results 230 Discussion 239 Effect of SS on Soil Indicators 239 General Soil Health Assessment 243 Conclusions 245 Acknowledgments 246 References 246 9 Soil Health in Forest and Agroforestry Systems in Portugal 257 Manuel Madeira, Fernando Raimundo, Ana Raquel Rodrigues, Afonso Martins, António Fabião, and Paula Soares Chapter Overview 257 Introduction 258 Study Sites and Experiments 261 Eucalypt Plantations 261 Oak Woodlands 263 Chestnut Groves 265 Concepts and Indicators 265 Soil Quality in Forestry and Agroforestry Systems 268 Eucalypt Plantations 268 Intensive Site Preparation: Deep Plowing Versus Superficial Harrowing 268 Harvest Residue Management Effects 269 Harvest Residue Management and Biological Indicators 273 Soil Quality in Evergreen Oak Woodlands 274 Effect of Scattered Oak Trees 274 Replacement of Natural Pastures by Improved Pastures 275 Replacement of Shrub Understory by Improved Pastures 278 Grazing Systems 280 Shrub Encroachment in Degraded Soil 282 Soil Quality in Chestnut Groves 282 General Considerations and Perspectives 288 Acknowledgment 292 References 292
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