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Women and Politics: Paths to Power and Political Influence examines the role of women in politics from the early women's movement to the female politicians in power today. Focusing on women whose stories have not yet been told, this book includes new analysis and scholarship on the experiences and viewpoints of conservative women, women of color, LGBT women, and millennial women. Students will gain historical insight into how women have achieved political power and how they have influenced the American political system at the state, local, and national levels, in each branch of government.…mehr
Women and Politics: Paths to Power and Political Influence examines the role of women in politics from the early women's movement to the female politicians in power today. Focusing on women whose stories have not yet been told, this book includes new analysis and scholarship on the experiences and viewpoints of conservative women, women of color, LGBT women, and millennial women. Students will gain historical insight into how women have achieved political power and how they have influenced the American political system at the state, local, and national levels, in each branch of government. Engaging profiles of the key players who have shaped our political system are interwoven with an analysis of the most recent election data to provide a comprehensive and unbiased introduction to the study of women and politics.
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Autorenporträt
Julie Dolan is Professor of Political Science at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota. She earned her PhD from American University. Her scholarly interests include American government and politics, women and politics, and bureaucratic politics. She has received a number of prestigious awards for her scholarship and publishes in a variety of journals including Women & Politics, Public Administration Review, PS: Political Science and Politics, the Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory. Her most recent research focuses on issues of political representation in the bureaucracy.
Inhaltsangabe
List of Figures and Tables ix Preface: Updated 4th Edition xi Acknowledgments xxxi About the Authors xxxv 1 Introduction and Theoretical Framework 1 History and Women's Political Interests 3 Women's Representation 7 PART I: WOMEN'S PATHS TO POWER 2 Women's Paths to Power 13 Women in Social Movements and Interest Groups 13 Early Women Activists and the Fight For Suffrage 14 Feminism, the Second Wave (1960s-Present) 22 The Rebirth of the Feminist Movement 23 The Emergence of the Older and Younger Branches of the Feminist Movement 25 The Equal Rights Amendment 32 Women and Interest Groups 37 Conservative Women's Groups Fight Back 42 Reinvigoration of the Feminist Movement and Conservative Women's Activism 45 Conclusion 53 3 The Gender Gap in Elections and Public Opinion 55 Courting the Women's Vote: The Early Years 56 The Emergence of the Modern Gender Gap 59 The Gender Gaps: Voting Trends Across Different Groups of Women 65 Issues That Explain the Gender Gap 68 Women's Vote in a Competitive Political Climate 72 Does the Gender Gap Bring Women Political Power? 83 Do Women Vote for Women? 86 Hillary Clinton and the Women's Vote 89 Conclusion 94 4 Gender and the Decision to Run for Office 97 A Confidence Gap: Women Underestimate Their Political Abilities 101 Political Parties' Efforts to Incorporate Women 105 Family Constraints 113 Symbolic Representation: Does It Matter Whether Women Run for Office? 115 Conclusion 120 5 Women on the Campaign Trail 123 Challenges on the Campaign Trail 127 Voter Stereotypes about Female Candidates 128 Media Coverage of Female Candidates 135 Female Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates 140 Navigating Gender on the Campaign Trail: The 2016 Elections 143 Conclusion 156 PART II: WOMEN IN POWER 6 Women in Local Politics and Government 159 Descriptive Representation: Women Serving in Local Government 163 The Numbers: Women as Mayors and Local Executives 165 The Numbers: Women on City and Council Councils 169 The Numbers: Women Serving as School Board Members, Clerks, Sheriffs, and Other Local Officers 171 What Determines Women's Representation in Such Offices? 174 Local Office as Stepping-stones: Filling the Pipeline? 180 Substantive Representation: Does Having Women in Local Government Matter? 181 Women as Political Actors Outside of Government 188 Conclusion 194 7 Women in Congress and the State Legislatures 197 Women and Representation 198 Women's Representation in Legislative Bodies across the World 201 Women's Representation in Congress and the State Legislatures across Time 204 The Advancement of Women in Congress 208 Women in Congress and State Legislatures: A Distinctive Impact on Policy? 218 Party, Ideology, and Constituent Interests 221 Race, Ethnicity, and Social Class 225 Institutional Position 228 Gender, Race, and Institutional Norms 232 Critical Mass and Policy Influence 233 Women in Leadership 235 Conclusion 239 8 Women in the Executive Branch 241 Women's Access to the Executive Branch: Masculinity, Power, and the Executive Branch 243 Descriptive Representation 246 Presidential and Gubernatorial Cabinets 251 Linking Descriptive and Substantive Representation: Do Women Make a Difference? 257 Challenges to Providing Substantive Representation 261 Power and Leadership Style 265 Conclusion 267 9 Women in the Judiciary 269 Why the Courts Are Important 272 Women in the Judiciary 274 Women on the Supreme Court 278 O'Connor, Ginsburg, and Beyond: Gender and the Supreme Court 282 Women in the State Judiciary 290 The Difference Women Judges Make 296 Do Women Judges Use A "Different Voice"? 297 Empirical Studies: The Impact of Sex on Jurisprudence 300 Gender and the Supreme Court: Why Gender Matters 304 Beyond the Essentialist Argument: Why Gender Still Matters 307 Conclusion 309 Appendix A: "Declaration of Sentiments" and "Resolutions" Adopted by the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 311 Appendix B: National Organization for Women's Bill of Rights and Redstockings Manifesto 315 References 319 Index 385
List of Figures and Tables ix Preface: Updated 4th Edition xi Acknowledgments xxxi About the Authors xxxv 1 Introduction and Theoretical Framework 1 History and Women's Political Interests 3 Women's Representation 7 PART I: WOMEN'S PATHS TO POWER 2 Women's Paths to Power 13 Women in Social Movements and Interest Groups 13 Early Women Activists and the Fight For Suffrage 14 Feminism, the Second Wave (1960s-Present) 22 The Rebirth of the Feminist Movement 23 The Emergence of the Older and Younger Branches of the Feminist Movement 25 The Equal Rights Amendment 32 Women and Interest Groups 37 Conservative Women's Groups Fight Back 42 Reinvigoration of the Feminist Movement and Conservative Women's Activism 45 Conclusion 53 3 The Gender Gap in Elections and Public Opinion 55 Courting the Women's Vote: The Early Years 56 The Emergence of the Modern Gender Gap 59 The Gender Gaps: Voting Trends Across Different Groups of Women 65 Issues That Explain the Gender Gap 68 Women's Vote in a Competitive Political Climate 72 Does the Gender Gap Bring Women Political Power? 83 Do Women Vote for Women? 86 Hillary Clinton and the Women's Vote 89 Conclusion 94 4 Gender and the Decision to Run for Office 97 A Confidence Gap: Women Underestimate Their Political Abilities 101 Political Parties' Efforts to Incorporate Women 105 Family Constraints 113 Symbolic Representation: Does It Matter Whether Women Run for Office? 115 Conclusion 120 5 Women on the Campaign Trail 123 Challenges on the Campaign Trail 127 Voter Stereotypes about Female Candidates 128 Media Coverage of Female Candidates 135 Female Presidential and Vice Presidential Candidates 140 Navigating Gender on the Campaign Trail: The 2016 Elections 143 Conclusion 156 PART II: WOMEN IN POWER 6 Women in Local Politics and Government 159 Descriptive Representation: Women Serving in Local Government 163 The Numbers: Women as Mayors and Local Executives 165 The Numbers: Women on City and Council Councils 169 The Numbers: Women Serving as School Board Members, Clerks, Sheriffs, and Other Local Officers 171 What Determines Women's Representation in Such Offices? 174 Local Office as Stepping-stones: Filling the Pipeline? 180 Substantive Representation: Does Having Women in Local Government Matter? 181 Women as Political Actors Outside of Government 188 Conclusion 194 7 Women in Congress and the State Legislatures 197 Women and Representation 198 Women's Representation in Legislative Bodies across the World 201 Women's Representation in Congress and the State Legislatures across Time 204 The Advancement of Women in Congress 208 Women in Congress and State Legislatures: A Distinctive Impact on Policy? 218 Party, Ideology, and Constituent Interests 221 Race, Ethnicity, and Social Class 225 Institutional Position 228 Gender, Race, and Institutional Norms 232 Critical Mass and Policy Influence 233 Women in Leadership 235 Conclusion 239 8 Women in the Executive Branch 241 Women's Access to the Executive Branch: Masculinity, Power, and the Executive Branch 243 Descriptive Representation 246 Presidential and Gubernatorial Cabinets 251 Linking Descriptive and Substantive Representation: Do Women Make a Difference? 257 Challenges to Providing Substantive Representation 261 Power and Leadership Style 265 Conclusion 267 9 Women in the Judiciary 269 Why the Courts Are Important 272 Women in the Judiciary 274 Women on the Supreme Court 278 O'Connor, Ginsburg, and Beyond: Gender and the Supreme Court 282 Women in the State Judiciary 290 The Difference Women Judges Make 296 Do Women Judges Use A "Different Voice"? 297 Empirical Studies: The Impact of Sex on Jurisprudence 300 Gender and the Supreme Court: Why Gender Matters 304 Beyond the Essentialist Argument: Why Gender Still Matters 307 Conclusion 309 Appendix A: "Declaration of Sentiments" and "Resolutions" Adopted by the Seneca Falls Convention of 1848 311 Appendix B: National Organization for Women's Bill of Rights and Redstockings Manifesto 315 References 319 Index 385
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