"Computing Networks" explores the core of the new distributed computing infrastructures we are using today: the networking systems of clusters, grids and clouds. It helps network designers and distributed-application developers and users to better understand the technologies, specificities, constraints and benefits of these different infrastructures' communication systems. Cloud Computing will give the possibility for millions of users to process data anytime, anywhere, while being eco-friendly. In order to deliver this emerging traffic in a timely, cost-efficient, energy-efficient, and…mehr
"Computing Networks" explores the core of the new distributed computing infrastructures we are using today: the networking systems of clusters, grids and clouds. It helps network designers and distributed-application developers and users to better understand the technologies, specificities, constraints and benefits of these different infrastructures' communication systems.
Cloud Computing will give the possibility for millions of users to process data anytime, anywhere, while being eco-friendly. In order to deliver this emerging traffic in a timely, cost-efficient, energy-efficient, and reliable manner over long-distance networks, several issues such as quality of service, security, metrology, network-resource scheduling and virtualization are being investigated since 15 years. "Computing Networks" explores the core of clusters, grids and clouds networks, giving designers, application developers and users the keys to better construct and use these powerful infrastructures.
Pascale Vicat-Blanc is an expert in software solutions for cloud networks. She has also been Director of Research for INRIA at Ecole Normale Supeìrieure de Lyon in France. She has led research and taught about networks, protocols, systems, and distributed applications for more than 20 years. Sébastien Soudan earned his PhD from Ecole Normale Supeìrieure de Lyon in France. He received the Marconi Society's Marconi Young Scholar Award 2009. Romaric Guillier graduated from ENSIMAG, obtained his PhD from Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon in France and is now Expert-Engineer at INRIA. Brice Goglin is Junior Researcher for INRIA, at the LaBRI in Bordeaux in France.
Inhaltsangabe
Introduction 13 Chapter 1. From Multiprocessor Computers to the Clouds 21 1.1. The explosion of demand for computing power 21 1.2. Computer clusters 24 1.3. Computing grids 26 1.4. Computing in a cloud 32 1.5. Conclusion 36 Chapter 2. Utilization of Network Computing Technologies 39 2.1. Anatomy of a distributed computing application 39 2.2. Programming models of distributed parallel applications 52 2.3. Coordination of distributed resources in a grid 57 2.4. Conclusion 60 Chapter 3. Specificities of Computing Networks 63 3.1. Typology of computing networks 63 3.2. Network transparency 68 3.3. Detailed analysis of characteristics expected from protocols 78 3.4. Conclusion 85 Chapter 4. The Challenge of Latency in Computing Clusters 87 4.1. Key principles of high-performance networks for clusters 88 4.2. Software support for high-performance networks 90 4.3. Description of the main high-performance networks 99 4.4. Convergence between fast and traditional networks 108 4.5. Conclusion 111 Chapter 5. The Challenge of Throughput and Distance 113 5.1. Obstacles to high rate 113 5.2. Operating principle and limits of TCP congestion control 115 5.3. Limits of TCP over long distances 120 5.4. Configuration of TCP for high speed 122 5.5. Alternative congestion-control approaches to that of standard TCP 126 5.6. Exploration of TCP variants for very high rate 133 5.7. Conclusion 136 Chapter 6. Measuring End-to-End Performances 139 6.1. Objectives of network measurement and forecast in a grid 139 6.2. Problem and methods 144 6.3. Grid network-performance measurement systems 155 6.4. Performance forecast 164 6.5. Conclusion 170 Chapter 7. Optical Technology and Grids 171 7.1. Optical networks and switching paradigms 172 7.2. Functional planes of transport networks 179 7.3. Unified control plane: GMPLS/automatic switched transport networks 184 Chapter 8. Bandwidth on Demand 189 8.1. Current service model: network neutrality 190 8.2. Peer model for bandwidth-delivery services 194 8.3. Overlay model for bandwidth-providing services 196 8.4. Bandwidth market 200 8.5. Conclusion 201 Chapter 9. Security of Computing Networks 203 9.1. Introductory example 203 9.2. Principles and methods 205 9.3. Communication security 212 9.4. Network virtualization and security 213 9.5. Conclusion 216 Chapter 10. Practical Guide for the Configuration of High-speed Networks 217 10.1. Hardware configuration 218 10.2. Importance of the tuning of TCP parameters 221 10.3. Short practical tuning guide 222 10.4. Use of multi-flow 226 10.5. Conclusion 228 Conclusion: From Grids to the Future Internet 229 Bibliography 235 Acronyms and Definitions 251 Index 263
Introduction 13 Chapter 1. From Multiprocessor Computers to the Clouds 21 1.1. The explosion of demand for computing power 21 1.2. Computer clusters 24 1.3. Computing grids 26 1.4. Computing in a cloud 32 1.5. Conclusion 36 Chapter 2. Utilization of Network Computing Technologies 39 2.1. Anatomy of a distributed computing application 39 2.2. Programming models of distributed parallel applications 52 2.3. Coordination of distributed resources in a grid 57 2.4. Conclusion 60 Chapter 3. Specificities of Computing Networks 63 3.1. Typology of computing networks 63 3.2. Network transparency 68 3.3. Detailed analysis of characteristics expected from protocols 78 3.4. Conclusion 85 Chapter 4. The Challenge of Latency in Computing Clusters 87 4.1. Key principles of high-performance networks for clusters 88 4.2. Software support for high-performance networks 90 4.3. Description of the main high-performance networks 99 4.4. Convergence between fast and traditional networks 108 4.5. Conclusion 111 Chapter 5. The Challenge of Throughput and Distance 113 5.1. Obstacles to high rate 113 5.2. Operating principle and limits of TCP congestion control 115 5.3. Limits of TCP over long distances 120 5.4. Configuration of TCP for high speed 122 5.5. Alternative congestion-control approaches to that of standard TCP 126 5.6. Exploration of TCP variants for very high rate 133 5.7. Conclusion 136 Chapter 6. Measuring End-to-End Performances 139 6.1. Objectives of network measurement and forecast in a grid 139 6.2. Problem and methods 144 6.3. Grid network-performance measurement systems 155 6.4. Performance forecast 164 6.5. Conclusion 170 Chapter 7. Optical Technology and Grids 171 7.1. Optical networks and switching paradigms 172 7.2. Functional planes of transport networks 179 7.3. Unified control plane: GMPLS/automatic switched transport networks 184 Chapter 8. Bandwidth on Demand 189 8.1. Current service model: network neutrality 190 8.2. Peer model for bandwidth-delivery services 194 8.3. Overlay model for bandwidth-providing services 196 8.4. Bandwidth market 200 8.5. Conclusion 201 Chapter 9. Security of Computing Networks 203 9.1. Introductory example 203 9.2. Principles and methods 205 9.3. Communication security 212 9.4. Network virtualization and security 213 9.5. Conclusion 216 Chapter 10. Practical Guide for the Configuration of High-speed Networks 217 10.1. Hardware configuration 218 10.2. Importance of the tuning of TCP parameters 221 10.3. Short practical tuning guide 222 10.4. Use of multi-flow 226 10.5. Conclusion 228 Conclusion: From Grids to the Future Internet 229 Bibliography 235 Acronyms and Definitions 251 Index 263
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