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The functional appliances represent a fundamental variance in the approach to correction of dento-facial abnormalities. The broader description of dentofacial orthopedics conveys the concept that the treatment aims to improve not only dental & orthopedic relationships in the stomatognathic system but also facial balance. Several controversies have arisen regarding the usage of functional appliances and its correct timings of delivery. The patients selection criteria, evaluation of growth before and during the functional appliances have been categorised. The principle of functional appliances and their newer modus operandi have been evaluated. Various controversies regarding early treatment benefits, treatment duration and its future stability have been discussed. With the plethora of functional appliances available, it is important for the orthodontists to clearly understand the action of the various functional appliances so that the ideal appliance can be selected for a particular patient.