This is the most accessible and wide-ranging introduction to critical theory currently available. Providing a comprehensive overview of the practice, role and importance of theory across the humanities and social sciences, the book not only maps a notoriously complex area, but it also enables the reader to take the arguments and apply them in practice. Starting with an explanation of how theory relies on implicit assumptions that inform interpretations, the book moves on to depict the long-term philosophical problems that have fed into much twentieth century thinking and also more recent…mehr
This is the most accessible and wide-ranging introduction to critical theory currently available. Providing a comprehensive overview of the practice, role and importance of theory across the humanities and social sciences, the book not only maps a notoriously complex area, but it also enables the reader to take the arguments and apply them in practice. Starting with an explanation of how theory relies on implicit assumptions that inform interpretations, the book moves on to depict the long-term philosophical problems that have fed into much twentieth century thinking and also more recent debates. The philosophical grounds of contemporary thought are traced from Plato through Descartes to the work of Heidegger and Freud and on to recent developments in structuralism and deconstruction that critically revise many of the previous terms of debate. The individual sections treat key concepts in detail and may be read independently. Sections that provide a thorough grounding in notions like the critical, theory, the political and modernity pave the way for in-depth accounts of the basic arguments of structuralism, psychoanalytic theory and deconstruction. Attention is paid to ensuring clarity throughout the book; the critical theory described is demonstrated via readings of verbal and visual texts. A serious guide to the practicalities of the use of critical theory in the humanities today this book should be on the shelves of all students of literature, cultural studies and social science.
How to Use This Book Part I: Introduction to Critical Theory 1. Critical Critical Metaphysics Man Crisis Critique Critical Theory Postmodernism and Critical theory 2. Representations Books and Life Truth In between To be "Is" and "Ing" 3. Theory The Empirical and the Transcendental What theory is and why it is necessary Object and Concept Analogy Economy Objects Summary Part II: Philosophical Impossibilities 1. The Ancients Philosophy Deception Socratic Dialogue Plato's Theatre Nous (Mind) Allegory Contingency Plato's Cave Ideal Objects Technology The Visible and the Invisible Analogy The Divided Line The Empirical and the Transcendental 2. Greek/Jew: Closure and Opening Greek Binary Oppositions Empirical/Transcendental Difference Jew The Law Dogmatism and Criticism Singularity and Plurality Opening and Closure 3. Modernity Empiricism Rationality Freedom Progress Centrism Ethnocentrism Androcentrism Phonocentrism Logocentrism Descartes' Judgement Otherness infinity and difference How to not define the other Summary Cogito Ergo Sum Frontiers The Subject in Crisis Authority and Enlightenment Architectural Metaphors Responsibility Part III: The Political 1. Being Rhetoric The Being of Things Being and Beings 2. The Political 3. False Consciousness False Consciousness Figurative Language Graven Images Fetish Logocentrism Nomos Access to the Transcendental Part IV: Structuralism 1. Saussure What is Structuralism? Where does structuralism come from? The Course in General Linguistics Why "general" The Sign Signifier/Signified System and Utterance Difference' "To a Certain Extent" System and Difference Developments in Structuralism How Structuralism Works An Exercise in Structuralism Synchrony/Diachrony System/Process Paradigm/Syntagm 2. Levi-Strauss Structural Linguistics and Anthropology Necessary Laws Kinship Relations Second Order First The Elementary Unit of Kinship Uncles with Attitude The Incest Taboo-woman as symbol of exchange The Structural Analysis of Myth The Algorithm of Myth 3. Jakobson Two Types of Aphasia The Similarity Disorder The Contiguity Disorder Metaphor and Metonymy The Map on the Wall Part V: Derrida and Deconstruction 1. The Text "Text" Derrida's work Presence and Absence The Way We Think Structure Play The way of the text Bricoleur and Engineer Supplementarity Radical Empiricism "Something Missing" 2. Difference The Same Différance Difference a priori A commentary on "Differance" What to Look for 3. Exemplification Deconstruction Repetition and Writing Superfluity and Writing Alterity and Transcendence Writing and Interpretation Transcendental Contraband Exemplification Part VI: Psychoanalysis 1. Freud and The Dreamwork Psychoanalysis and Critical Theory The Unconscious since Freud Dreams Interpretation The Dream Work Condensation Displacement Overdetermination Considerations of Representability Kettle Logic 2. Lacan Freud and Sexuality Lacan and Language The Unconscious is the Discourse of the Other The Unconscious is structured like a Language Metaphor and Metonymy Sexuality and Sexual Difference Deferred Action Sexuality Oedipus Sexual Difference Cinema: Pleasure and Drive The Ring 3. The Return to Melanie Klein Acquiring Knowledge The Ruined World Kleinian Scientificity Armageddon Soldier Problems The Knowledge Concluding Remarks
How to Use This Book Part I: Introduction to Critical Theory 1. Critical Critical Metaphysics Man Crisis Critique Critical Theory Postmodernism and Critical theory 2. Representations Books and Life Truth In between To be "Is" and "Ing" 3. Theory The Empirical and the Transcendental What theory is and why it is necessary Object and Concept Analogy Economy Objects Summary Part II: Philosophical Impossibilities 1. The Ancients Philosophy Deception Socratic Dialogue Plato's Theatre Nous (Mind) Allegory Contingency Plato's Cave Ideal Objects Technology The Visible and the Invisible Analogy The Divided Line The Empirical and the Transcendental 2. Greek/Jew: Closure and Opening Greek Binary Oppositions Empirical/Transcendental Difference Jew The Law Dogmatism and Criticism Singularity and Plurality Opening and Closure 3. Modernity Empiricism Rationality Freedom Progress Centrism Ethnocentrism Androcentrism Phonocentrism Logocentrism Descartes' Judgement Otherness infinity and difference How to not define the other Summary Cogito Ergo Sum Frontiers The Subject in Crisis Authority and Enlightenment Architectural Metaphors Responsibility Part III: The Political 1. Being Rhetoric The Being of Things Being and Beings 2. The Political 3. False Consciousness False Consciousness Figurative Language Graven Images Fetish Logocentrism Nomos Access to the Transcendental Part IV: Structuralism 1. Saussure What is Structuralism? Where does structuralism come from? The Course in General Linguistics Why "general" The Sign Signifier/Signified System and Utterance Difference' "To a Certain Extent" System and Difference Developments in Structuralism How Structuralism Works An Exercise in Structuralism Synchrony/Diachrony System/Process Paradigm/Syntagm 2. Levi-Strauss Structural Linguistics and Anthropology Necessary Laws Kinship Relations Second Order First The Elementary Unit of Kinship Uncles with Attitude The Incest Taboo-woman as symbol of exchange The Structural Analysis of Myth The Algorithm of Myth 3. Jakobson Two Types of Aphasia The Similarity Disorder The Contiguity Disorder Metaphor and Metonymy The Map on the Wall Part V: Derrida and Deconstruction 1. The Text "Text" Derrida's work Presence and Absence The Way We Think Structure Play The way of the text Bricoleur and Engineer Supplementarity Radical Empiricism "Something Missing" 2. Difference The Same Différance Difference a priori A commentary on "Differance" What to Look for 3. Exemplification Deconstruction Repetition and Writing Superfluity and Writing Alterity and Transcendence Writing and Interpretation Transcendental Contraband Exemplification Part VI: Psychoanalysis 1. Freud and The Dreamwork Psychoanalysis and Critical Theory The Unconscious since Freud Dreams Interpretation The Dream Work Condensation Displacement Overdetermination Considerations of Representability Kettle Logic 2. Lacan Freud and Sexuality Lacan and Language The Unconscious is the Discourse of the Other The Unconscious is structured like a Language Metaphor and Metonymy Sexuality and Sexual Difference Deferred Action Sexuality Oedipus Sexual Difference Cinema: Pleasure and Drive The Ring 3. The Return to Melanie Klein Acquiring Knowledge The Ruined World Kleinian Scientificity Armageddon Soldier Problems The Knowledge Concluding Remarks
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