The book encourages readers to apply a framework of critical appraisal to any type of study which assesses the relationship between what is experienced and what eventuates.
The book encourages readers to apply a framework of critical appraisal to any type of study which assesses the relationship between what is experienced and what eventuates.
Mark Elwood studied medicine in the UK and epidemiology and public health in the US and Canada. He has been a Professor of epidemiology in Nottingham, England, Vancouver, Canada, Melbourne, Australia, and Dunedin and Auckland in New Zealand. His contributions have been in cancer aetiology, prevention and early diagnosis, but include studies of birth defects, health care outcomes, and many clinical topics. He first produced this text in 1988 and has used it and its developments in teaching his evidence based approach to clinical appraisal to health practitioners, health managers, and postgraduate and undergraduate students.
Inhaltsangabe
* 1.: Introduction * 2.: The importance of causal relationships in medicine and health care * 3.: Study designs which can demonstrate and test causation * 4.: The results obtained from studies of causation * 5.: Selection of subjects for study * 6.: Error and bias in observations * 7.: Confounding * 8.: Chance variation * 9.: Combining results from several studies: systematic reviews and meta-analyses * 10.: The diagnosis of causation * 11.: Critical appraisal in action * 12.: Critical appraisal of a randomized clinical trial * 13.: Critical appraisal of a randomized trial of a preventive agent * 14.: Critical appraisal of a prospective cohort study * 15.: Critical appraisal of a retrospective cohort study * 16.: Critical appraisal of a matched case-control study * 17.: Critical appraisal of a large population-based case-control study
* 1.: Introduction * 2.: The importance of causal relationships in medicine and health care * 3.: Study designs which can demonstrate and test causation * 4.: The results obtained from studies of causation * 5.: Selection of subjects for study * 6.: Error and bias in observations * 7.: Confounding * 8.: Chance variation * 9.: Combining results from several studies: systematic reviews and meta-analyses * 10.: The diagnosis of causation * 11.: Critical appraisal in action * 12.: Critical appraisal of a randomized clinical trial * 13.: Critical appraisal of a randomized trial of a preventive agent * 14.: Critical appraisal of a prospective cohort study * 15.: Critical appraisal of a retrospective cohort study * 16.: Critical appraisal of a matched case-control study * 17.: Critical appraisal of a large population-based case-control study
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