The duplicity theory of vision concerns the comparisons (both differences and similarities) and interaction between the cone and rod systems in the visual pathways, with the assumption that the cone system is active during daylight vision and the rod system functions in low light (night time). Research on this aspect of vision dates back to the 17th century and the work of Newton, and is still ongoing today. This book describes the origin and development of this fundamental theory within vision research - whilst also examining the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic colour theory, and the opponent…mehr
The duplicity theory of vision concerns the comparisons (both differences and similarities) and interaction between the cone and rod systems in the visual pathways, with the assumption that the cone system is active during daylight vision and the rod system functions in low light (night time). Research on this aspect of vision dates back to the 17th century and the work of Newton, and is still ongoing today. This book describes the origin and development of this fundamental theory within vision research - whilst also examining the Young-Helmholtz trichromatic colour theory, and the opponent colour theory of Hering - and presents evidence and ideas in light of modern conceptions of the theory. Written for academic researchers and graduate students, the book brings back knowledge of the tradition of duplicity theory, inspiring questions related to anatomy, comparative biology, molecular biology, photochemistry, physiology, genetics, phylogenetics and psychophysics.
1. Introduction Part I. The Development of the Basic Ideas of the Duplicity Theory from Newton to G. E. Müller: 2. The Newton tradition 3. The Schultze tradition 4. The Goethe tradition. The phenomenological approach 5. The colour theories of Armin Tschermak and George Elias Müller Part II. The Development of the Duplicity Theory from 1930-66: 6. The duplicity theory of Polyak 7. Investigations of H. K. Hartline and S. W. Kuffler 8. The duplicity theory of R. Granit 9. Contributions of E. N. Willmer, P. Saugstad & A. Saugstad, and I. Lie 10. Status of the duplicity theory in the mid 1960s and its further development Part III. Chromatic Rod Vision: An Historical Account: 11. Night vision may appear bluish 12. Mechanisms of chromatic rod vision in scotopic illumination 13. Rod-cone interactions in mesopic vision 14. Contribution of J. J. McCann and J. L. Benton 15. Contribution of P. W. Trezona 16. Contribution of C. F. Stromeyer III 17. Contribution of Steven Buck and co-workers 18. Contribution of J. L. Nerger and co-workers Part IV. Theories of Sensitivity Regulation of the Rod and Cone Systems: A Historical Account: 19. Introduction 20. Early photochemical explanations 21. Contribution of S. Hecht 22. Contribution of G. Wald. Photochemical sensitivity regulation of rods and cones 23. Relationship between amount of rhodopsin and sensitivity during dark adaptation 24. Post-receptor sensitivity regulation mechanisms 25. Rushton's A.G.C. model. Each receptor type has a separate and independent adaptation pool 26. Are light and dark adaptation really equivalent? 27. A decisive experiment 28. The adaptation mechanisms explored by the after-flash technique 29. Limitations of Rushton's photochemical theory 30. Contribution of H. B. Barlow 31. Rushton and Barlow compared 32. Contribution of T. D. Lamb 33. The Dowling-Rushton equation refuted 34. Difference between rod and cone dark adaptation 35. Light and dark adaptation are not equivalent 36. Allosteric regulation of dark adaptation 37. A search for the allosteric adaptation mechanisms 38. Several mechanisms involved in sensitivity regulation 39. Sensitivity regulation due to rod-cone interaction 40. Modern conceptions of sensitivity regulation Part V. Factors that Triggered the Paradigm Shifts in the Development of the Duplicity Theory: 41. Summary of K. R. Popper's and T. S. Kuhn's models of scientific development 42. The development of the duplicity theory as a test of Popper's and Kuhn's models 43. References.
1. Introduction Part I. The Development of the Basic Ideas of the Duplicity Theory from Newton to G. E. Müller: 2. The Newton tradition 3. The Schultze tradition 4. The Goethe tradition. The phenomenological approach 5. The colour theories of Armin Tschermak and George Elias Müller Part II. The Development of the Duplicity Theory from 1930-66: 6. The duplicity theory of Polyak 7. Investigations of H. K. Hartline and S. W. Kuffler 8. The duplicity theory of R. Granit 9. Contributions of E. N. Willmer, P. Saugstad & A. Saugstad, and I. Lie 10. Status of the duplicity theory in the mid 1960s and its further development Part III. Chromatic Rod Vision: An Historical Account: 11. Night vision may appear bluish 12. Mechanisms of chromatic rod vision in scotopic illumination 13. Rod-cone interactions in mesopic vision 14. Contribution of J. J. McCann and J. L. Benton 15. Contribution of P. W. Trezona 16. Contribution of C. F. Stromeyer III 17. Contribution of Steven Buck and co-workers 18. Contribution of J. L. Nerger and co-workers Part IV. Theories of Sensitivity Regulation of the Rod and Cone Systems: A Historical Account: 19. Introduction 20. Early photochemical explanations 21. Contribution of S. Hecht 22. Contribution of G. Wald. Photochemical sensitivity regulation of rods and cones 23. Relationship between amount of rhodopsin and sensitivity during dark adaptation 24. Post-receptor sensitivity regulation mechanisms 25. Rushton's A.G.C. model. Each receptor type has a separate and independent adaptation pool 26. Are light and dark adaptation really equivalent? 27. A decisive experiment 28. The adaptation mechanisms explored by the after-flash technique 29. Limitations of Rushton's photochemical theory 30. Contribution of H. B. Barlow 31. Rushton and Barlow compared 32. Contribution of T. D. Lamb 33. The Dowling-Rushton equation refuted 34. Difference between rod and cone dark adaptation 35. Light and dark adaptation are not equivalent 36. Allosteric regulation of dark adaptation 37. A search for the allosteric adaptation mechanisms 38. Several mechanisms involved in sensitivity regulation 39. Sensitivity regulation due to rod-cone interaction 40. Modern conceptions of sensitivity regulation Part V. Factors that Triggered the Paradigm Shifts in the Development of the Duplicity Theory: 41. Summary of K. R. Popper's and T. S. Kuhn's models of scientific development 42. The development of the duplicity theory as a test of Popper's and Kuhn's models 43. References.
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