Phoka Caiphus Rathebe
Exposure Assessment and Health Effects Due to Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation
An African Perspective
Phoka Caiphus Rathebe
Exposure Assessment and Health Effects Due to Ionizing and Non-Ionizing Radiation
An African Perspective
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This book describes and outlines exposure scenarios of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation exposure in occupational and residential settings within the African continent where technological developments and mining activities are the main sources of radiation exposure.
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This book describes and outlines exposure scenarios of ionizing and non-ionizing radiation exposure in occupational and residential settings within the African continent where technological developments and mining activities are the main sources of radiation exposure.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: CRC Press
- Seitenzahl: 94
- Erscheinungstermin: 12. August 2025
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 10mm
- Gewicht: 314g
- ISBN-13: 9781032812540
- ISBN-10: 1032812540
- Artikelnr.: 73776095
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- gpsr@libri.de
- Verlag: CRC Press
- Seitenzahl: 94
- Erscheinungstermin: 12. August 2025
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 240mm x 161mm x 10mm
- Gewicht: 314g
- ISBN-13: 9781032812540
- ISBN-10: 1032812540
- Artikelnr.: 73776095
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- gpsr@libri.de
Phoka Caiphus Rathebe is an emerging scientist and an NRF Y¿rated scholar with a strong research focus on environmental and occupational health, and radiation exposure assessments. He is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental Health at the University of Johannesburg. Rathebe holds multiple academic qualifications in Environmental Health from the Central University of Technology, Free State, including a National Diploma (cum laude, 2013), a BTech (cum laude, 2014), a Master of Health Sciences (cum laude, 2017), and a PhD (2021). His expertise extends beyond academia, as he actively reviews environmental and occupational health manuscripts for international peer¿reviewed journals, IOP, and IEEE conferences. As a dedicated researcher and supervisor, Rathebe mentors postgraduate students working on projects in occupational and environmental health. Since 2018, he has published over 60 manuscripts in peer¿reviewed journals and conference proceedings, contributing valuable insights to the field. His work continues to shape the discourse on radiation exposure and public health, particularly within the African context.
Contents Preface....................................................................................................................... ix Author Bio ................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1 Ionizing radiation exposure from various sources and activities in Africa: an overview .......................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the chapter ......................................................... 1 1.2 Known sources of radiation exposure in Africa ........................ 2 1.2.1 Radon from mining ...................................................... 2 1.2.2 Uranium from mining and power plants ...................... 2 1.2.3 X
rays from healthcare sectors ..................................... 2 1.2.4 Ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun ...................... 3 1.3 Ionizing radiation occupational exposures from mining, health, UV, and power generation activities in Africa .............. 3 1.3.1 Occupational radon exposure ....................................... 4 1.3.2 Occupational uranium exposure in mining and power plants .............................................. 4 1.3.3 Occupation UV exposure ............................................. 5 1.3.4 Occupational exposure to X
rays ................................. 5 1.4 Methodologies to assess occupational ionizing radiation exposure ..................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Radon personal exposure assessments ......................... 6 1.4.2 Uranium personal exposure assessments ..................... 7 1.4.3 UV personal exposure assessments .............................. 7 1.4.4 X
ray personal exposure assessments .......................... 8 1.5 Conclusion ................................................................................. 9 References ...........................................................................................10 Chapter 2 Ionizing radiation exposure from mine tailings ..................................14 2.1 Background of the chapter ........................................................14 2.2 Overview of gold mine tailings in Africa ................................15 2.3 Proximity of gold mine tailings to residential structures .........16 2.4 Overview of literature on radon and uranium residential exposure proximal to gold mine tailings ..................................18 2.4.1 Radon ..........................................................................18 2.4.2 Uranium ...................................................................... 24 2.5 Findings from African studies ................................................. 24 2.6 Future studies .......................................................................... 29 2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................... 30 References .......................................................................................... 30 Chapter 3 Non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments for communication and power sources .............................................................................. 36 3.1 Background of the chapter ....................................................... 36 3.2 Overview of non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments from communication devices in Africa ................................... 38 3.3 Overview of non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments from electric power sources in Africa ..................................... 44 3.4 Future studies ...........................................................................45 3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................... 46 References ...........................................................................................47 Chapter 4 Health effects of ionizing radiation among the general public and workers ........................................................................................ 50 4.1 Introduction of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation ........................... 50 4.2 Overview of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation sources ......................51 4.3 Sources such as nuclear power plants, UV radiation, X
ray machines, gold mining, etc. ............................................53 4.3.1 Nuclear power plants ................................................... 53 4.3.2 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation ........................................... 54 4.3.3 X
ray machines ............................................................ 54 4.3.4 Gold mining ................................................................. 54 4.4 Review of studies on long
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation .................55 4.5 Review of studies on short
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation .... 56 4.6 Review of studies on risk perception of ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers ........................57 4.7 Future studies ...........................................................................59 4.8 Conclusion ............................................................................... 60 References .......................................................................................... 60 Chapter 5 Health effects of non
ionizing radiation among the general public and workers ............................................................................. 65 5.1 Introduction of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation .................... 65 5.2 Overview of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation sources .............. 66 5.3 Sources such as electric utility structures, telecommunication devices, and MRI ..................................... 68 5.4 Review of studies on long
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation ..........70 5.5 Review of studies on risk perception of ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers ........................71 5.6 Review of studies on risk perception of non
ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers .........73 5.7 Future studies ...........................................................................74 5.8 Conclusion ................................................................................75 References ...........................................................................................76 Index ........................................................................................................................79
rays from healthcare sectors ..................................... 2 1.2.4 Ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun ...................... 3 1.3 Ionizing radiation occupational exposures from mining, health, UV, and power generation activities in Africa .............. 3 1.3.1 Occupational radon exposure ....................................... 4 1.3.2 Occupational uranium exposure in mining and power plants .............................................. 4 1.3.3 Occupation UV exposure ............................................. 5 1.3.4 Occupational exposure to X
rays ................................. 5 1.4 Methodologies to assess occupational ionizing radiation exposure ..................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Radon personal exposure assessments ......................... 6 1.4.2 Uranium personal exposure assessments ..................... 7 1.4.3 UV personal exposure assessments .............................. 7 1.4.4 X
ray personal exposure assessments .......................... 8 1.5 Conclusion ................................................................................. 9 References ...........................................................................................10 Chapter 2 Ionizing radiation exposure from mine tailings ..................................14 2.1 Background of the chapter ........................................................14 2.2 Overview of gold mine tailings in Africa ................................15 2.3 Proximity of gold mine tailings to residential structures .........16 2.4 Overview of literature on radon and uranium residential exposure proximal to gold mine tailings ..................................18 2.4.1 Radon ..........................................................................18 2.4.2 Uranium ...................................................................... 24 2.5 Findings from African studies ................................................. 24 2.6 Future studies .......................................................................... 29 2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................... 30 References .......................................................................................... 30 Chapter 3 Non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments for communication and power sources .............................................................................. 36 3.1 Background of the chapter ....................................................... 36 3.2 Overview of non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments from communication devices in Africa ................................... 38 3.3 Overview of non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments from electric power sources in Africa ..................................... 44 3.4 Future studies ...........................................................................45 3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................... 46 References ...........................................................................................47 Chapter 4 Health effects of ionizing radiation among the general public and workers ........................................................................................ 50 4.1 Introduction of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation ........................... 50 4.2 Overview of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation sources ......................51 4.3 Sources such as nuclear power plants, UV radiation, X
ray machines, gold mining, etc. ............................................53 4.3.1 Nuclear power plants ................................................... 53 4.3.2 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation ........................................... 54 4.3.3 X
ray machines ............................................................ 54 4.3.4 Gold mining ................................................................. 54 4.4 Review of studies on long
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation .................55 4.5 Review of studies on short
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation .... 56 4.6 Review of studies on risk perception of ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers ........................57 4.7 Future studies ...........................................................................59 4.8 Conclusion ............................................................................... 60 References .......................................................................................... 60 Chapter 5 Health effects of non
ionizing radiation among the general public and workers ............................................................................. 65 5.1 Introduction of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation .................... 65 5.2 Overview of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation sources .............. 66 5.3 Sources such as electric utility structures, telecommunication devices, and MRI ..................................... 68 5.4 Review of studies on long
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation ..........70 5.5 Review of studies on risk perception of ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers ........................71 5.6 Review of studies on risk perception of non
ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers .........73 5.7 Future studies ...........................................................................74 5.8 Conclusion ................................................................................75 References ...........................................................................................76 Index ........................................................................................................................79
Contents Preface....................................................................................................................... ix Author Bio ................................................................................................................. xi Chapter 1 Ionizing radiation exposure from various sources and activities in Africa: an overview .......................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the chapter ......................................................... 1 1.2 Known sources of radiation exposure in Africa ........................ 2 1.2.1 Radon from mining ...................................................... 2 1.2.2 Uranium from mining and power plants ...................... 2 1.2.3 X
rays from healthcare sectors ..................................... 2 1.2.4 Ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun ...................... 3 1.3 Ionizing radiation occupational exposures from mining, health, UV, and power generation activities in Africa .............. 3 1.3.1 Occupational radon exposure ....................................... 4 1.3.2 Occupational uranium exposure in mining and power plants .............................................. 4 1.3.3 Occupation UV exposure ............................................. 5 1.3.4 Occupational exposure to X
rays ................................. 5 1.4 Methodologies to assess occupational ionizing radiation exposure ..................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Radon personal exposure assessments ......................... 6 1.4.2 Uranium personal exposure assessments ..................... 7 1.4.3 UV personal exposure assessments .............................. 7 1.4.4 X
ray personal exposure assessments .......................... 8 1.5 Conclusion ................................................................................. 9 References ...........................................................................................10 Chapter 2 Ionizing radiation exposure from mine tailings ..................................14 2.1 Background of the chapter ........................................................14 2.2 Overview of gold mine tailings in Africa ................................15 2.3 Proximity of gold mine tailings to residential structures .........16 2.4 Overview of literature on radon and uranium residential exposure proximal to gold mine tailings ..................................18 2.4.1 Radon ..........................................................................18 2.4.2 Uranium ...................................................................... 24 2.5 Findings from African studies ................................................. 24 2.6 Future studies .......................................................................... 29 2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................... 30 References .......................................................................................... 30 Chapter 3 Non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments for communication and power sources .............................................................................. 36 3.1 Background of the chapter ....................................................... 36 3.2 Overview of non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments from communication devices in Africa ................................... 38 3.3 Overview of non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments from electric power sources in Africa ..................................... 44 3.4 Future studies ...........................................................................45 3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................... 46 References ...........................................................................................47 Chapter 4 Health effects of ionizing radiation among the general public and workers ........................................................................................ 50 4.1 Introduction of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation ........................... 50 4.2 Overview of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation sources ......................51 4.3 Sources such as nuclear power plants, UV radiation, X
ray machines, gold mining, etc. ............................................53 4.3.1 Nuclear power plants ................................................... 53 4.3.2 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation ........................................... 54 4.3.3 X
ray machines ............................................................ 54 4.3.4 Gold mining ................................................................. 54 4.4 Review of studies on long
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation .................55 4.5 Review of studies on short
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation .... 56 4.6 Review of studies on risk perception of ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers ........................57 4.7 Future studies ...........................................................................59 4.8 Conclusion ............................................................................... 60 References .......................................................................................... 60 Chapter 5 Health effects of non
ionizing radiation among the general public and workers ............................................................................. 65 5.1 Introduction of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation .................... 65 5.2 Overview of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation sources .............. 66 5.3 Sources such as electric utility structures, telecommunication devices, and MRI ..................................... 68 5.4 Review of studies on long
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation ..........70 5.5 Review of studies on risk perception of ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers ........................71 5.6 Review of studies on risk perception of non
ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers .........73 5.7 Future studies ...........................................................................74 5.8 Conclusion ................................................................................75 References ...........................................................................................76 Index ........................................................................................................................79
rays from healthcare sectors ..................................... 2 1.2.4 Ultraviolet (UV) exposure from the sun ...................... 3 1.3 Ionizing radiation occupational exposures from mining, health, UV, and power generation activities in Africa .............. 3 1.3.1 Occupational radon exposure ....................................... 4 1.3.2 Occupational uranium exposure in mining and power plants .............................................. 4 1.3.3 Occupation UV exposure ............................................. 5 1.3.4 Occupational exposure to X
rays ................................. 5 1.4 Methodologies to assess occupational ionizing radiation exposure ..................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Radon personal exposure assessments ......................... 6 1.4.2 Uranium personal exposure assessments ..................... 7 1.4.3 UV personal exposure assessments .............................. 7 1.4.4 X
ray personal exposure assessments .......................... 8 1.5 Conclusion ................................................................................. 9 References ...........................................................................................10 Chapter 2 Ionizing radiation exposure from mine tailings ..................................14 2.1 Background of the chapter ........................................................14 2.2 Overview of gold mine tailings in Africa ................................15 2.3 Proximity of gold mine tailings to residential structures .........16 2.4 Overview of literature on radon and uranium residential exposure proximal to gold mine tailings ..................................18 2.4.1 Radon ..........................................................................18 2.4.2 Uranium ...................................................................... 24 2.5 Findings from African studies ................................................. 24 2.6 Future studies .......................................................................... 29 2.7 Conclusion ............................................................................... 30 References .......................................................................................... 30 Chapter 3 Non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments for communication and power sources .............................................................................. 36 3.1 Background of the chapter ....................................................... 36 3.2 Overview of non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments from communication devices in Africa ................................... 38 3.3 Overview of non
ionizing radiation exposure assessments from electric power sources in Africa ..................................... 44 3.4 Future studies ...........................................................................45 3.5 Conclusion ............................................................................... 46 References ...........................................................................................47 Chapter 4 Health effects of ionizing radiation among the general public and workers ........................................................................................ 50 4.1 Introduction of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation ........................... 50 4.2 Overview of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation sources ......................51 4.3 Sources such as nuclear power plants, UV radiation, X
ray machines, gold mining, etc. ............................................53 4.3.1 Nuclear power plants ................................................... 53 4.3.2 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation ........................................... 54 4.3.3 X
ray machines ............................................................ 54 4.3.4 Gold mining ................................................................. 54 4.4 Review of studies on long
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation .................55 4.5 Review of studies on short
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to ionizing radiation .... 56 4.6 Review of studies on risk perception of ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers ........................57 4.7 Future studies ...........................................................................59 4.8 Conclusion ............................................................................... 60 References .......................................................................................... 60 Chapter 5 Health effects of non
ionizing radiation among the general public and workers ............................................................................. 65 5.1 Introduction of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation .................... 65 5.2 Overview of health effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation sources .............. 66 5.3 Sources such as electric utility structures, telecommunication devices, and MRI ..................................... 68 5.4 Review of studies on long
term effects among the general public and workers' exposure to non
ionizing radiation ..........70 5.5 Review of studies on risk perception of ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers ........................71 5.6 Review of studies on risk perception of non
ionizing radiation sources among the general public and workers .........73 5.7 Future studies ...........................................................................74 5.8 Conclusion ................................................................................75 References ...........................................................................................76 Index ........................................................................................................................79