This is the definitive reference on the understanding, design, and use of devices, circuits, and systems intended to operate in extreme environments, for example across wide temperature ranges (both high and low) and in radiation-intense scenarios such as space. The text describes best practices and illustrates concepts with silicon-validated results, including numerous case studies and examples. It presents design and modeling techniques required to ensure the robust operation in extreme environments of analog, digital, and RF circuits and systems. It also discusses reliability considerations and electronic packaging approaches for long-term survivability.