Ivan Turgenev's Fathers and Sons explores generational differences and their tragic consequences. The story centers around Arkady and Bazarov, two young men who return home from college to a world that has remained static. They have changed but must now redefine old relationships, both their friendship with one another and their relationships with their fathers. The main conflict of the novel is between the nihilistic Bazarov, who espouses a strictly materialistic attitude toward life, and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, an uncle of Arkady's, who upholds the aristocratic tradition in the face of Bazarov's ridicule.…mehr
Ivan Turgenev's Fathers and Sons explores generational differences and their tragic consequences. The story centers around Arkady and Bazarov, two young men who return home from college to a world that has remained static. They have changed but must now redefine old relationships, both their friendship with one another and their relationships with their fathers. The main conflict of the novel is between the nihilistic Bazarov, who espouses a strictly materialistic attitude toward life, and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, an uncle of Arkady's, who upholds the aristocratic tradition in the face of Bazarov's ridicule.
Ivan Sergeyevich Turgenev was born in 1818 into a noble Russian family and grew up on their estate, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. He studied literature and philosophy at Moscow and Saint Petersburg universities before continuing his education in Berlin. His exposure to Western European ideas deeply influenced his views on Russian society and reform.Turgenev gained recognition with A Sportsman's Sketches (1852), which criticized serfdom and fueled discussions on its abolition. His novel Fathers and Sons (1862) introduced the nihilist Bazarov, sparking intense debate about generational conflict and ideological change. Though controversial, his works played a key role in shaping Russian literary and social thought.Spending much of his life in France and Germany, Turgenev formed lasting friendships with writers like Gustave Flaubert. His love for opera singer Pauline Viardot influenced his travels and personal life. He died in 1883 in Bougival, France, leaving behind a literary legacy of social critique and psychological depth.
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