Features and Management of Acute and Chronic Neuro-Covid - Cascella, Marco;De Blasio, Elvio
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This book delineates that COVID-19 is a multisystem inflammatory disease and how its pathophysiology can predispose patients to an increased risk of neurological problems. Available data suggest the potential neuroinvasive capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 through direct viral damage and indirect entering the CNS by different routes including the vascular system, the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the lymphatic system. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine storm and oxidative stress can induce microglial activation and damaging the blood-brain barrier, culminating…mehr

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Produktbeschreibung
This book delineates that COVID-19 is a multisystem inflammatory disease and how its pathophysiology can predispose patients to an increased risk of neurological problems. Available data suggest the potential neuroinvasive capacity of the SARS-CoV-2 through direct viral damage and indirect entering the CNS by different routes including the vascular system, the olfactory and trigeminal nerves, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the lymphatic system. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokine storm and oxidative stress can induce microglial activation and damaging the blood-brain barrier, culminating in widespread neuroinflammatory processes. This acute neurotoxicity is clinically expressed as anosmia, ageusia, headache, nausea and vomiting. Other neurologic manifestations such as acute cerebrovascular diseases, encephalitis-based impaired consciousness, and meningitis are also described.

The PNS can also be affected and clinical manifestations including Guillain-Barré syndrome, polyneuritis, Miller Fisher Syndrome, and other problems are described. A special issue concerns the neurocognitive dysfunction and altered consciousness manifested as delirium, agitation, and confusion. Non-specific symptoms such as dizziness, and seizures can accompany clinical pictures.

Regardless of the admitting diagnosis, a high percentage of patients discharged from ICUs develop disabilities affecting physical, cognitive and psychological activities. The symptoms such as asthenia, memory disturbances, depression, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), can configure the so-called Post-intensive Care Syndrome (PICS). Multimodal management during the ICU stay and implementation of follow-up programs on patient discharge can reduce the incidence of this syndrome, improving the quality of life of surviving individuals.

In this complex scenario, a careful clinical approach through reliable diagnostic tools, and epidemiological studies aimed at evaluating the dimensions of the problem also in economic terms, is urgently needed.

This book represents a valuable aid for all healthcare professionals (intensivists, neurologist and psychiatrists, as well as others) involved in the management of these critically ill patients.
Autorenporträt
Marco Cascella, MD, PhD, works in the Department of Anesthesia, Cardiology and Endoscopy at the National Cancer Institute, Fondazione "G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy, where he has responsibility for anesthesia in high-complexity surgery. He is also Professor of Physiology on the Degree Course in Biomedical Laboratory Techniques at the Faculty of Medicine, University "Federico II", Naples. Dr. Cascella graduated in Medicine and Surgery with honors in 1997 at the Second University of Naples and then undertook postgraduate studies in anesthesia and intensive care, gaining his doctorate in 2001. Dr. Cascella acts as an editorial board member for the SM Journal of Anesthesia and The American Association for Science and Technology (AASCIT). Arturo Cuomo, MD, is Head of the Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management at the National Cancer Institute, Fondazione "G. Pascale" - IRCCS, Naples, Italy. Dr. Cuomo graduated with honors in Medicine and Surgery in 1981 at the University "Federico II", Naples and undertook postgraduate studies in anaesthesia and intensive care. Dr. Cuomo is a recognized international expert in pain management. He has been a speaker at numerous conferences and conventions, some of which he himself organized, and is the author of about 90 scientific publications, book chapters, etc. in the fields of anesthesia, pathophysiology, treatment of pain, oncology, and palliative care.