The eruption of Mt. Panamao in 1668 stands as both an environmental and cultural watershed in Biliran's history. It annihilated the early pueblo yet catalyzed the emergence of new settlements, redefined community faith, and strengthened the island's resilience. The blending of oral tradition, geological evidence, and colonial records reveals not merely a disaster, but a transformative event that forged Biliran's modern identity.As Dimalanta (2021) and UNESCO (2022) suggest, the memory of catastrophe can sustain communities when reframed as narrative and ritual. In Biliran, fire became memory, and memory became heritage.
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