The campaign for racial equality in sports has both reflected and affected the campaign for racial equality in the United States. Some of the most significant and publicized stories in this campaign in the twentieth century have happened in sports, including, of course, Jackie Robinson in baseball; Jesse Owens, Tommie Smith, and John Carlos in track; Arthur Ashe in tennis; and Jack Johnson, Joe Louis, and Muhammad Ali in boxing. Long after the full integration of college and professional athletics, race continues to play a major role in sports. Not long ago, sportswriters and sportscasters…mehr
The campaign for racial equality in sports has both reflected and affected the campaign for racial equality in the United States. Some of the most significant and publicized stories in this campaign in the twentieth century have happened in sports, including, of course, Jackie Robinson in baseball; Jesse Owens, Tommie Smith, and John Carlos in track; Arthur Ashe in tennis; and Jack Johnson, Joe Louis, and Muhammad Ali in boxing. Long after the full integration of college and professional athletics, race continues to play a major role in sports. Not long ago, sportswriters and sportscasters ignored racial issues. They now contribute to the public’s evolving racial attitudes on issues both on and off the field, ranging from integration to self-determination to masculinity. From Jack Johnson to LeBron James examines the intersection of sports, race, and the media in the twentieth century and beyond. The essays are linked by a number of questions, including: How did the black and white media differ in content and context in their reporting of these stories? How did the media acknowledge race in their stories? Did the media recognize these stories as historically significant? Considering how media coverage has evolved over the years, the essays begin with the racially charged reporting of Jack Johnson’s reign as heavyweight champion and carry up to the present, covering the media narratives surrounding the Michael Vick dogfighting case in a supposedly post-racial era and the media’s handling of LeBron James’s announcement to leave Cleveland for Miami.
Chris Lamb is a professor of journalism at Indiana University–Purdue University at Indianapolis. He is the author of Conspiracy of Silence: Sportswriters and the Long Campaign to Desegregate Baseball (Nebraska, 2012) and Blackout: The Story of Jackie Robinson’s First Spring Training (Nebraska, 2004), among other books.
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List of Tables Introduction Chris Lamb 1. Framing White Hopes: The Press, Social Drama, and the Era of Jack Johnson, 1908–1915 Phillip J. Hutchison 2. Jesse Owens, a Black Pearl amidst an Ocean of Fury: A Case Study of Press Coverage of the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games Pamela C. Laucella 3. Multifarious Hero: Joe Louis, American Society, and Race Relations during World Crisis, 1935–1945 Dominic J. Capeci Jr. and Martha Wilkerson 4. Outside the Pale: The Exclusion of Blacks from the National Football League, 1934–1946 Thomas G. Smith 5. Democracy on the Field: The Black Press Takes On White Baseball Chris Lamb and Glen L. Bleske 6. A Nod from Destiny: How Sportswriters for White and African American Newspapers Covered Kenny Washington’s Entry into the National Football League Ronald Bishop 7. Jackie Robinson and the American Mind: Journalistic Perceptions of the Reintegration of Baseball William Simons 8. “This Is It!” The Public Relations Campaign Waged by Wendell Smith and Jackie Robinson to Cast Robinson’s First Season as an Unqualified Success Brian Carroll 9. Integrating New Year’s Day: The Racial Politics of College Bowl Games in the American South Charles H. Martin 10. Main Bout, Inc., Black Economic Power, and Professional Boxing: The Canceled Muhammad Ali–Ernie Terrell Fight Michael Ezra 11. A “Race” for Equality: Print Media Coverage of the 1968 Olympic Protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos Jason Peterson 12. Sports Illustrated’s African American Athlete Series as Socially Responsible Journalism Reed Smith 13. Rebellion in the Kingdom of Swat: Sportswriters, African American Athletes, and Coverage of Curt Flood’s Lawsuit against Major League Baseball William Gillis 14. Chasing Babe Ruth: An Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Hank Aaron’s Pursuit of the Career Home Run Record Maureen Smith 15. Arthur Ashe: An Analysis of Newspaper Journalists’ Coverage of USA Today’s Outing Pamela C. Laucella 16. Michael Jordan’s Family Values: Marketing, Meaning, and Post-Reagan America Mary G. McDonald 17. Rush Limbaugh, Donovan McNabb, and “a Little Social Concern”: Reflections on the Problems of Whiteness in Contemporary American Sport Douglas Hartmann 18. I’m the King of the World: Barry Bonds and the Race for the Record Lisa Doris Alexander 19. Redemption on the Field: Framing, Narrative, and Race in Media Coverage of Michael Vick Bryan Carr 20. Weighing In on the Coaching Decision: Discussing Sports and Race Online Jimmy Sanderson 21. The LeBron James Decision in the Age of Obama Jamal L. Ratchford Source Acknowledgments Contributors Index
List of Tables Introduction Chris Lamb 1. Framing White Hopes: The Press, Social Drama, and the Era of Jack Johnson, 1908–1915 Phillip J. Hutchison 2. Jesse Owens, a Black Pearl amidst an Ocean of Fury: A Case Study of Press Coverage of the 1936 Berlin Olympic Games Pamela C. Laucella 3. Multifarious Hero: Joe Louis, American Society, and Race Relations during World Crisis, 1935–1945 Dominic J. Capeci Jr. and Martha Wilkerson 4. Outside the Pale: The Exclusion of Blacks from the National Football League, 1934–1946 Thomas G. Smith 5. Democracy on the Field: The Black Press Takes On White Baseball Chris Lamb and Glen L. Bleske 6. A Nod from Destiny: How Sportswriters for White and African American Newspapers Covered Kenny Washington’s Entry into the National Football League Ronald Bishop 7. Jackie Robinson and the American Mind: Journalistic Perceptions of the Reintegration of Baseball William Simons 8. “This Is It!” The Public Relations Campaign Waged by Wendell Smith and Jackie Robinson to Cast Robinson’s First Season as an Unqualified Success Brian Carroll 9. Integrating New Year’s Day: The Racial Politics of College Bowl Games in the American South Charles H. Martin 10. Main Bout, Inc., Black Economic Power, and Professional Boxing: The Canceled Muhammad Ali–Ernie Terrell Fight Michael Ezra 11. A “Race” for Equality: Print Media Coverage of the 1968 Olympic Protest by Tommie Smith and John Carlos Jason Peterson 12. Sports Illustrated’s African American Athlete Series as Socially Responsible Journalism Reed Smith 13. Rebellion in the Kingdom of Swat: Sportswriters, African American Athletes, and Coverage of Curt Flood’s Lawsuit against Major League Baseball William Gillis 14. Chasing Babe Ruth: An Analysis of Newspaper Coverage of Hank Aaron’s Pursuit of the Career Home Run Record Maureen Smith 15. Arthur Ashe: An Analysis of Newspaper Journalists’ Coverage of USA Today’s Outing Pamela C. Laucella 16. Michael Jordan’s Family Values: Marketing, Meaning, and Post-Reagan America Mary G. McDonald 17. Rush Limbaugh, Donovan McNabb, and “a Little Social Concern”: Reflections on the Problems of Whiteness in Contemporary American Sport Douglas Hartmann 18. I’m the King of the World: Barry Bonds and the Race for the Record Lisa Doris Alexander 19. Redemption on the Field: Framing, Narrative, and Race in Media Coverage of Michael Vick Bryan Carr 20. Weighing In on the Coaching Decision: Discussing Sports and Race Online Jimmy Sanderson 21. The LeBron James Decision in the Age of Obama Jamal L. Ratchford Source Acknowledgments Contributors Index
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