The interpretive theme is the most important sentence an interpreter inks on paper. Despite its centrality to thematic interpretation, no single work has dedicated itself entirely to the art and craft of strong theme writing until now. The Interpretive Theme Writer's Field Guide builds on Sam Ham's 30-year thematic interpretation research legacy. While leaving most theory to his books, this pocket companion offers writers strong theme examples, worksheets, exercises, inspirational quotes, and technique highlights. This Field Guide contains opening and closing words from interpretive legends…mehr
The interpretive theme is the most important sentence an interpreter inks on paper. Despite its centrality to thematic interpretation, no single work has dedicated itself entirely to the art and craft of strong theme writing until now. The Interpretive Theme Writer's Field Guide builds on Sam Ham's 30-year thematic interpretation research legacy. While leaving most theory to his books, this pocket companion offers writers strong theme examples, worksheets, exercises, inspirational quotes, and technique highlights. This Field Guide contains opening and closing words from interpretive legends Sam Ham and Ted Cable and is useful at the desk, in the exhibit hall, or on the trail. It recognizes that teams, even communities, create heritage themes, and introduces the Interpretive Framework methodology to facilitate community-based participatory theme writing. The second edition includes two new chapters on structuring interpretive presentations based on themes and how different psychological profiles influence both themes written by communicators and themes appreciated by audiences. It also includes a new series of mini guest essays written by specialists from around the world including National Park Service interpretive ranger Shelton Johnson, German living historian Angela Pfenniger, American creative and interpretive writer Judy Fort Brenneman, Panamanian trekking guide Rick Morales, and others. All other sections have been updated and improved for a global English-speaking communicator audience in this exciting redesigned edition that promises to make interpretive writers even better natural-cultural heritage communicators.
Jon Kohl has dedicated his professional career to promoting heritage interpretation as part of a holistic approach to international natural-cultural heritage protected area management. Starting as a Peace Corps interpreter at the National Zoo of Costa Rica, he has since worn many hats as an interpretive trainer, professor, writer, planner, and theorist. He has taught interpretation at the University of Costa Rica, worked in the private sector, and is founding director of the PUP Collaboratory to innovate and curate heritage management tools, including interpretation. He has authored a Spanish university textbook on environmental interpretation for Latin America with Dr. Marisol Mayorga, a book on holistic heritage planning with Dr. Stephen McCool, and even a sci-fi romance novel with Casey Yager. Jon has penned nearly 300 professional, trade, and academic articles in many journals and magazines (see his ResearchGate profile). He has served as contributing editor to NAI's Legacy, associate editor of the Journal of Interpretation Research, and editorial advisor for UNESCO/WHIPIC's Interpreting World Heritage. He graduated with a Masters in Environmental Management from Yale University and a Bachelor's in Ecology and Political Science from Dartmouth College. He currently lives with his family in Costa Rica.
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Contents Sam Ham: "Why I agreed to support this Field Guide" Pre-Tour Warmup: This Field Guide Originates in the 1990s. 11 Natural-Cultural History of the Second Edition. 14 Thank Yous. 16 Trailhead: This Is How You Use This Field Guide. 18 Stop 1: The Theme that Lurks Behind Thematic Interpretation. 20 There Are Different Branches on the Communication Tree. 20 Interpretation, like All Other Branches, Has Its Own Purposes. 20 Stop 2: We Write Themes for Primary and Secondary Audiences. 28 Which primary themes should I write?. 31 And Then There Are Sub-themes. 32 Stop 2 Big Ideas. 34 Stop 2 Exercise. 35 Crafting Themes Guided by Indigenous and Traditional Cultures. 36 Stop 3: Strong Interpretive Themes Embody Big Ideas and Vehicles to Deliver Them.. 39 Provocation Is Central to Thematic Interpretation. 39 Don't Forget How to Write a Complete Sentence. 42 Stop 3 Big Ideas. 42 Stop 3 Exercises. 43 Stop 4: Interpreters Must Ignite Their Inspiration for the Big Idea, Not Just Write It47 The Meaning-Making Mind Never Sleeps. 47 A Big Idea is Critical47 Researching Your Topic Is a Good Place to Start49 Different Approaches Can Ignite Inspiration. 51 Grammatical Approach. 51 Five Whys/So What (Socratic Questions) Approach. 51 Mind Mapping Approach. 52 Irony Revelation Approach. 54 Freewriting Approach. 54 Contemplation-Meditation Approach. 56 Chatbot Approach. 56 Multiple Perspectives Approach. 57 Community-based Interpretive Framework Approach. 61 Big Ideas Have Several Qualities. 61 One complete idea and sentence. 61 Declarative sentence. 62 Exciting for the primary audience. 62 Logical, makes sense. 62 Interpretation, not description. 62 Clear, but not necessarily quickly understood. 65 Universality. 65 Stop 4 Big Ideas. 68 Stop 4 Exercise. 69 Stop 5: The Big Idea Develops within the Audience's Mind via a Vehicle. 75 Do not Postpone the Big Idea. 75 Increase Vehicle Provocation by Connecting to the Audience. 76 Connect to audience background. 76 Use the audience's language. 76 Provocative Themes Are Easy to Process. 76 Readability. 77 Clarity. 77 Person. 80 Experience through Mental Imagery. 81 Other Spicy Literary Ingredients. 83 Object Appropriateness. 85 Power positions. 86 Stop 5 Big Ideas. 86 Stop 5 Exercises. 87 Stop 6: Themes Are Written for and by People Growing Up. 92 Developmental Psychologists Study People Growing Up. 92 Practical takeaway. 93 Themes Also Grow Up. 93 Practical takeaways. 93 Growing Up Influences Various Factors. 93 Perspectives. 94 Object Awareness. 94 Thought Complexity. 94 Time. 95 Practical takeaway. 95 Think about Your Thinking. 99 Stop 6 Big Ideas. 99 Stop 6 Exercises. 99 Stop 7: Construction of a Presentation Structure Begins with a Theme. 103 Who Reads Your Theme Influences Your Structure. 104 Presentation Structures Come in Diverse Forms. 104 Chronological105 Non-Chronological105 Scientific Argument105 Categorical106 Parallel106 Enigma Revealed. 106 Cognitive Dissonance. 107 Sub-Themes and Sub-Plots Are Different107 Theme Dissection TechniqueSlices a Theme into Different Stops. 107 Stop 7 Big Ideas. 111 Stop 7 Exercises. 111 Stop 8: Theme Writing Can be Individual, Team-, or Community-Based. 115 The Professional Writer Has a Role in Theme Writing. 116 Convene a Theme Team.. 117 Theme Teams Write Themes, Too. 119 Stop 8 Big Ideas. 119 Stop 8 Exercise. 120 Stop 9: Interpretive Frameworks Leverage the Power of Community for Interpretation. 123 Meanings and Heritage Are Central to Community Development123 We Use Interpretive Frameworks for 12 Reasons. 126 These Are the Major Steps to Facilitate Interpretive Frameworks. 127 Prepare the Workshop. 127 Set the Context128 Brainstorm Heritage Attributes. 128 Grouping Relationships. 130 Naming Clusters/Emerging Themes. 130 Resolving Greater Meaning. 131 Distilling Universal Processes. 131 Revealing Place Essence. 132 Small Committee to Refine Workshop Results. 132 Interpretive Framework Proceedings. 133 Theme Descriptions. 134 Interpretive Framework Formats Can Reflect Additional Meanings. 135 Stop 9 Big Ideas. 136 Stop 9 Exercises. 137 Stop 10: To Be with or Not to Be with AI Theme Writing Generators, That Is the Question. 141 Testing a Trained ChatGPT to Write Stronger Themes. 142 Field Notes. 144 Suggested Answers to Exercises. 144 VerbsforStrongerThemesandMoreEngagingCommentaries. 154 Field Inventory of Strong Themes in this Field Guide. 160 Themes of Best-selling Novels of All Time. 175 Figure. Interpretive Theme Writer's Worksheet177 Critique of Themes from Real Webinar Participants. 179 Oh My Box!183 Field Guidelines for Interpretive Theme Writing. 184 Prompts. 185 Glossary. 185 Guidelines. 186 Purposes and Audience (Stops 1, 2, and 6)186 Big Idea (Stops 3, 4, and 5)187 Vehicle (Stops 4 and 5)188 30 Strong Interpretive Themes. 191 References. 195 Quote Sources. 199 Glossary. 206 Index. 209 Counter POW: Ted Cable. 216 Theme Writing: A Trail That Never Ends. 216 PUP Collaboratory. 217 Back Cover218 Voices from the Field 1 Floating the Tigris: Harnessing the Light of Thematic Interpretation by Shelton Johnson. 25 2 Crafting Themes Guided by Indigenous and Traditional Culturales by Kylie Christian and Leanne Redpath. 37 3 Voices from the Field by Thorsten Ludwig. 46 4 I Want to Create Brilliant Big Ideas and Compelling Themes but. by Judy Fort Brenneman. 71 5 A Grand Theme Doesn't Ensure a Great Program-or Even a Good One by Don Enright89 6 Themes Contribute to Traveler Transformation atop Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs by Colby Brokvist100 7 Thematic Zone of Tolerance in a Theater Setting by Angela Pfenniger111 8 Tablets of Stone or Statements of Accord by Michael Hamish Glen. 119 9 Colombia Is the First Country to Adopt the Interpretive Framework by Clara Osorio and Carlos Rosero. 137 Theme Spotlights Theme Spotlight Pre-Tour Warmup. Message vs. Theme. 13 Theme Spotlight Natural-Cultural History of the Second Edition: Why Evolution Permeates this Field Guide. 15 Theme Spotlight Trailhead: Themes of Themes. 19 Theme Spotlight 2.1: Secondary Themes vs. Sub-Themes. 34 Theme Spotlight 3.1. Theme = Object + Big Idea. 43 Theme Spotlight 3.2. Big Idea vs. Interpretive Theme. 46 Theme Spotlight 4.1. Connecting Unlike Points to Cast New Light69 Theme Spotlight 4.2. Themes Should Present an Argument74 Theme Spotlight 5.1. Can a Theme Have More than One Sentence?. 77 Theme Spotlight 5.2. Transformative Themes Tap Deep Truths. 86 Theme Spotlight 5.3. Adding Humanity to Non-Human Phenomena. 87 Theme Spotlight 8.1. All Three Levels Can Interact117 Theme Spotlight 9.1. Historical Scan Supports Theme Identification. 135
Contents Sam Ham: "Why I agreed to support this Field Guide" Pre-Tour Warmup: This Field Guide Originates in the 1990s. 11 Natural-Cultural History of the Second Edition. 14 Thank Yous. 16 Trailhead: This Is How You Use This Field Guide. 18 Stop 1: The Theme that Lurks Behind Thematic Interpretation. 20 There Are Different Branches on the Communication Tree. 20 Interpretation, like All Other Branches, Has Its Own Purposes. 20 Stop 2: We Write Themes for Primary and Secondary Audiences. 28 Which primary themes should I write?. 31 And Then There Are Sub-themes. 32 Stop 2 Big Ideas. 34 Stop 2 Exercise. 35 Crafting Themes Guided by Indigenous and Traditional Cultures. 36 Stop 3: Strong Interpretive Themes Embody Big Ideas and Vehicles to Deliver Them.. 39 Provocation Is Central to Thematic Interpretation. 39 Don't Forget How to Write a Complete Sentence. 42 Stop 3 Big Ideas. 42 Stop 3 Exercises. 43 Stop 4: Interpreters Must Ignite Their Inspiration for the Big Idea, Not Just Write It47 The Meaning-Making Mind Never Sleeps. 47 A Big Idea is Critical47 Researching Your Topic Is a Good Place to Start49 Different Approaches Can Ignite Inspiration. 51 Grammatical Approach. 51 Five Whys/So What (Socratic Questions) Approach. 51 Mind Mapping Approach. 52 Irony Revelation Approach. 54 Freewriting Approach. 54 Contemplation-Meditation Approach. 56 Chatbot Approach. 56 Multiple Perspectives Approach. 57 Community-based Interpretive Framework Approach. 61 Big Ideas Have Several Qualities. 61 One complete idea and sentence. 61 Declarative sentence. 62 Exciting for the primary audience. 62 Logical, makes sense. 62 Interpretation, not description. 62 Clear, but not necessarily quickly understood. 65 Universality. 65 Stop 4 Big Ideas. 68 Stop 4 Exercise. 69 Stop 5: The Big Idea Develops within the Audience's Mind via a Vehicle. 75 Do not Postpone the Big Idea. 75 Increase Vehicle Provocation by Connecting to the Audience. 76 Connect to audience background. 76 Use the audience's language. 76 Provocative Themes Are Easy to Process. 76 Readability. 77 Clarity. 77 Person. 80 Experience through Mental Imagery. 81 Other Spicy Literary Ingredients. 83 Object Appropriateness. 85 Power positions. 86 Stop 5 Big Ideas. 86 Stop 5 Exercises. 87 Stop 6: Themes Are Written for and by People Growing Up. 92 Developmental Psychologists Study People Growing Up. 92 Practical takeaway. 93 Themes Also Grow Up. 93 Practical takeaways. 93 Growing Up Influences Various Factors. 93 Perspectives. 94 Object Awareness. 94 Thought Complexity. 94 Time. 95 Practical takeaway. 95 Think about Your Thinking. 99 Stop 6 Big Ideas. 99 Stop 6 Exercises. 99 Stop 7: Construction of a Presentation Structure Begins with a Theme. 103 Who Reads Your Theme Influences Your Structure. 104 Presentation Structures Come in Diverse Forms. 104 Chronological105 Non-Chronological105 Scientific Argument105 Categorical106 Parallel106 Enigma Revealed. 106 Cognitive Dissonance. 107 Sub-Themes and Sub-Plots Are Different107 Theme Dissection TechniqueSlices a Theme into Different Stops. 107 Stop 7 Big Ideas. 111 Stop 7 Exercises. 111 Stop 8: Theme Writing Can be Individual, Team-, or Community-Based. 115 The Professional Writer Has a Role in Theme Writing. 116 Convene a Theme Team.. 117 Theme Teams Write Themes, Too. 119 Stop 8 Big Ideas. 119 Stop 8 Exercise. 120 Stop 9: Interpretive Frameworks Leverage the Power of Community for Interpretation. 123 Meanings and Heritage Are Central to Community Development123 We Use Interpretive Frameworks for 12 Reasons. 126 These Are the Major Steps to Facilitate Interpretive Frameworks. 127 Prepare the Workshop. 127 Set the Context128 Brainstorm Heritage Attributes. 128 Grouping Relationships. 130 Naming Clusters/Emerging Themes. 130 Resolving Greater Meaning. 131 Distilling Universal Processes. 131 Revealing Place Essence. 132 Small Committee to Refine Workshop Results. 132 Interpretive Framework Proceedings. 133 Theme Descriptions. 134 Interpretive Framework Formats Can Reflect Additional Meanings. 135 Stop 9 Big Ideas. 136 Stop 9 Exercises. 137 Stop 10: To Be with or Not to Be with AI Theme Writing Generators, That Is the Question. 141 Testing a Trained ChatGPT to Write Stronger Themes. 142 Field Notes. 144 Suggested Answers to Exercises. 144 VerbsforStrongerThemesandMoreEngagingCommentaries. 154 Field Inventory of Strong Themes in this Field Guide. 160 Themes of Best-selling Novels of All Time. 175 Figure. Interpretive Theme Writer's Worksheet177 Critique of Themes from Real Webinar Participants. 179 Oh My Box!183 Field Guidelines for Interpretive Theme Writing. 184 Prompts. 185 Glossary. 185 Guidelines. 186 Purposes and Audience (Stops 1, 2, and 6)186 Big Idea (Stops 3, 4, and 5)187 Vehicle (Stops 4 and 5)188 30 Strong Interpretive Themes. 191 References. 195 Quote Sources. 199 Glossary. 206 Index. 209 Counter POW: Ted Cable. 216 Theme Writing: A Trail That Never Ends. 216 PUP Collaboratory. 217 Back Cover218 Voices from the Field 1 Floating the Tigris: Harnessing the Light of Thematic Interpretation by Shelton Johnson. 25 2 Crafting Themes Guided by Indigenous and Traditional Culturales by Kylie Christian and Leanne Redpath. 37 3 Voices from the Field by Thorsten Ludwig. 46 4 I Want to Create Brilliant Big Ideas and Compelling Themes but. by Judy Fort Brenneman. 71 5 A Grand Theme Doesn't Ensure a Great Program-or Even a Good One by Don Enright89 6 Themes Contribute to Traveler Transformation atop Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs by Colby Brokvist100 7 Thematic Zone of Tolerance in a Theater Setting by Angela Pfenniger111 8 Tablets of Stone or Statements of Accord by Michael Hamish Glen. 119 9 Colombia Is the First Country to Adopt the Interpretive Framework by Clara Osorio and Carlos Rosero. 137 Theme Spotlights Theme Spotlight Pre-Tour Warmup. Message vs. Theme. 13 Theme Spotlight Natural-Cultural History of the Second Edition: Why Evolution Permeates this Field Guide. 15 Theme Spotlight Trailhead: Themes of Themes. 19 Theme Spotlight 2.1: Secondary Themes vs. Sub-Themes. 34 Theme Spotlight 3.1. Theme = Object + Big Idea. 43 Theme Spotlight 3.2. Big Idea vs. Interpretive Theme. 46 Theme Spotlight 4.1. Connecting Unlike Points to Cast New Light69 Theme Spotlight 4.2. Themes Should Present an Argument74 Theme Spotlight 5.1. Can a Theme Have More than One Sentence?. 77 Theme Spotlight 5.2. Transformative Themes Tap Deep Truths. 86 Theme Spotlight 5.3. Adding Humanity to Non-Human Phenomena. 87 Theme Spotlight 8.1. All Three Levels Can Interact117 Theme Spotlight 9.1. Historical Scan Supports Theme Identification. 135
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