For the 6th Edition of this highly regarded textbook devoted to lipids, the title has been modified from Lipid Biochemistry to Lipids to acknowledge the coming together of biological and medical sciences, the increasingly blurred boundaries between them and the growing importance of lipids in diverse aspects of science and technology.
For the 6th Edition of this highly regarded textbook devoted to lipids, the title has been modified from Lipid Biochemistry to Lipids to acknowledge the coming together of biological and medical sciences, the increasingly blurred boundaries between them and the growing importance of lipids in diverse aspects of science and technology.
Michael Gurr was Visiting Professor in Human Nutrition at Reading and Oxford Brookes Universities, UK. John Harwood is a Professor of Biochemistry, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, UK. Keith Frayn is Emeritus Professor of Human Metabolism, University of Oxford, UK. Denis Murphy is Professor of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, University of South Wales, UK. Robert Michell is Professor of Biochemistry, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, UK.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xv Acknowledgements xvii About the authors xix About the companion website xxi 1 Lipids: definitions naming methods and a guide to the contents of this book 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Definitions 1 1.3 Structural chemistry and nomenclature 1 1.4 Lipidomics 4 1.5 A guide to the contents of this book 8 Key points 11 Further reading 12 2 Important biological lipids and their structures 13 2.1 Structure and properties of fatty acids 13 2.2 Storage lipids - triacylglycerols and wax esters 20 2.3 Membrane lipids 26 Key points 42 Further reading 42 3 Fatty acid metabolism 44 3.1 The biosynthesis of fatty acids 44 3.2 Degradation of fatty acids 85 3.3 Chemical peroxidation is an important reaction particularly of polyunsaturated fatty acids 95 3.4 Peroxidation catalysed by lipoxygenase enzymes 96 3.5 Essential fatty acids and the biosynthesis of eicosanoids 100 Key points 120 Further reading 121 4 The metabolism of complex lipids 124 4.1 The biosynthesis of triacylglycerols 124 4.2 The catabolism of acylglycerols 133 4.3 The integration and control of animal acylglycerol metabolism 136 4.4 Wax esters 143 4.5 Phosphoglyceride biosynthesis 146 4.6 Degradation of phospholipids 157 4.7 Metabolism of glycosylglycerides 163 4.8 Metabolism of sphingolipids 165 4.9 Cholesterol biosynthesis 173 Key points 182 Further reading 183 5 Roles of lipids in cellular structures 187 5.1 Lipid assemblies 187 5.2 Role of lipids in cellular evolution 193 5.3 Membrane structure 201 5.4 Membrane function 206 5.5 Intracellular lipid droplets 215 5.6 Extracellular lipid assemblies 222 Key points 226 Further reading 227 6 Dietary lipids and their biological roles 229 6.1 Lipids in food 229 6.2 Roles of dietary lipids 233 Key points 251 Further reading 251 7 Lipid assimilation and transport 253 7.1 Lipid digestion and absorption 253 7.2 Transport of lipids in the blood: plasma lipoproteins 261 7.3 The coordination of lipid metabolism in the body 275 Key points 284 Further reading 285 8 Lipids in transmembrane signalling and cell regulation 287 8.1 Phosphoinositides have diverse roles in cell signalling and cell compartmentation 288 8.2 Endocannabinoid signalling 299 8.3 Lysophosphatidate and sphingosine 1-phosphate in the circulation regulate cell motility and proliferation 299 8.4 Signalling by phospholipase D at least partly through phosphatidate 300 8.5 Ceramide regulates apoptosis and other cell responses 301 Key points 302 Further reading 303 9 The storage of triacylglycerols in animals and plants 304 9.1 White adipose tissue depots and triacylglycerol storage in animals 304 9.2 Brown adipose tissue and its role in thermogenesis 310 9.3 Lipid storage in plants 313 Key points 314 Further reading 315 10 Lipids in health and disease 317 10.1 Inborn errors of lipid metabolism 317 10.2 Lipids and cancer 323 10.3 Lipids and immune function 328 10.4 Effects of too much or too little adipose tissue: obesity and lipodystrophies 338 10.5 Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism 349 Key points 364 Further reading 365 11 Lipid technology and biotechnology 367 11.1 Introduction 367 11.2 Lipid technologies: from surfactants to biofuels 367 11.3 Lipids in foods 375 11.4 Modifiying lipids in foods 379 11.5 Modifying lipids in nonedible products 383 11.6 Lipids and genetically modified organisms 385 Key points 390 Further reading 390 Index and list of abbreviations 391
Preface xv Acknowledgements xvii About the authors xix About the companion website xxi 1 Lipids: definitions naming methods and a guide to the contents of this book 1 1.1 Introduction 1 1.2 Definitions 1 1.3 Structural chemistry and nomenclature 1 1.4 Lipidomics 4 1.5 A guide to the contents of this book 8 Key points 11 Further reading 12 2 Important biological lipids and their structures 13 2.1 Structure and properties of fatty acids 13 2.2 Storage lipids - triacylglycerols and wax esters 20 2.3 Membrane lipids 26 Key points 42 Further reading 42 3 Fatty acid metabolism 44 3.1 The biosynthesis of fatty acids 44 3.2 Degradation of fatty acids 85 3.3 Chemical peroxidation is an important reaction particularly of polyunsaturated fatty acids 95 3.4 Peroxidation catalysed by lipoxygenase enzymes 96 3.5 Essential fatty acids and the biosynthesis of eicosanoids 100 Key points 120 Further reading 121 4 The metabolism of complex lipids 124 4.1 The biosynthesis of triacylglycerols 124 4.2 The catabolism of acylglycerols 133 4.3 The integration and control of animal acylglycerol metabolism 136 4.4 Wax esters 143 4.5 Phosphoglyceride biosynthesis 146 4.6 Degradation of phospholipids 157 4.7 Metabolism of glycosylglycerides 163 4.8 Metabolism of sphingolipids 165 4.9 Cholesterol biosynthesis 173 Key points 182 Further reading 183 5 Roles of lipids in cellular structures 187 5.1 Lipid assemblies 187 5.2 Role of lipids in cellular evolution 193 5.3 Membrane structure 201 5.4 Membrane function 206 5.5 Intracellular lipid droplets 215 5.6 Extracellular lipid assemblies 222 Key points 226 Further reading 227 6 Dietary lipids and their biological roles 229 6.1 Lipids in food 229 6.2 Roles of dietary lipids 233 Key points 251 Further reading 251 7 Lipid assimilation and transport 253 7.1 Lipid digestion and absorption 253 7.2 Transport of lipids in the blood: plasma lipoproteins 261 7.3 The coordination of lipid metabolism in the body 275 Key points 284 Further reading 285 8 Lipids in transmembrane signalling and cell regulation 287 8.1 Phosphoinositides have diverse roles in cell signalling and cell compartmentation 288 8.2 Endocannabinoid signalling 299 8.3 Lysophosphatidate and sphingosine 1-phosphate in the circulation regulate cell motility and proliferation 299 8.4 Signalling by phospholipase D at least partly through phosphatidate 300 8.5 Ceramide regulates apoptosis and other cell responses 301 Key points 302 Further reading 303 9 The storage of triacylglycerols in animals and plants 304 9.1 White adipose tissue depots and triacylglycerol storage in animals 304 9.2 Brown adipose tissue and its role in thermogenesis 310 9.3 Lipid storage in plants 313 Key points 314 Further reading 315 10 Lipids in health and disease 317 10.1 Inborn errors of lipid metabolism 317 10.2 Lipids and cancer 323 10.3 Lipids and immune function 328 10.4 Effects of too much or too little adipose tissue: obesity and lipodystrophies 338 10.5 Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism 349 Key points 364 Further reading 365 11 Lipid technology and biotechnology 367 11.1 Introduction 367 11.2 Lipid technologies: from surfactants to biofuels 367 11.3 Lipids in foods 375 11.4 Modifiying lipids in foods 379 11.5 Modifying lipids in nonedible products 383 11.6 Lipids and genetically modified organisms 385 Key points 390 Further reading 390 Index and list of abbreviations 391
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