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In the context of a constantly changing medical practice, the identification of therapeutic options that are safe, effective, and respectful of ethical principles is a growing priority for health professionals, patients, and hospital systems. Medical Alternatives to Blood Transfusion provides a clear and informed review of the clinical strategies available to reduce or avoid the use of blood products. Methods such as conservative surgery, pharmacologic treatment of anemia, optimization of blood volume, and incorporation of innovative medical technologies are addressed. In addition, the bioethical and legal basis for the patient's right to refuse certain treatments is examined, with special attention to cases such as that of Jehovah's Witnesses. The work is of particular interest to physicians, students, nurses, and other professionals who prioritize evidence-based care, safety, and patient autonomy.