Mental Health Practice with LGBTQ+ Children, Adolescents, and Emerging Adults in Multiple Systems of Care
Herausgeber: Magalhães, Cristina L.; Rider, G. Nic; Sprott, Richard A.
Mental Health Practice with LGBTQ+ Children, Adolescents, and Emerging Adults in Multiple Systems of Care
Herausgeber: Magalhães, Cristina L.; Rider, G. Nic; Sprott, Richard A.
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This book is a practical text for coursework in psychology, counseling, and social work programs, as well as a resource for mental health clinicians and professionals in related fields such as public health, education, social services, and political/social advocacy interested in promoting the wellbeing of LGBTQ children, adolescents and young adults.
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This book is a practical text for coursework in psychology, counseling, and social work programs, as well as a resource for mental health clinicians and professionals in related fields such as public health, education, social services, and political/social advocacy interested in promoting the wellbeing of LGBTQ children, adolescents and young adults.
Produktdetails
- Produktdetails
- Verlag: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
- Seitenzahl: 430
- Erscheinungstermin: 10. November 2022
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 254mm x 178mm x 23mm
- Gewicht: 804g
- ISBN-13: 9781538154472
- ISBN-10: 1538154471
- Artikelnr.: 64266573
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- gpsr@libri.de
- Verlag: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
- Seitenzahl: 430
- Erscheinungstermin: 10. November 2022
- Englisch
- Abmessung: 254mm x 178mm x 23mm
- Gewicht: 804g
- ISBN-13: 9781538154472
- ISBN-10: 1538154471
- Artikelnr.: 64266573
- Herstellerkennzeichnung
- Libri GmbH
- Europaallee 1
- 36244 Bad Hersfeld
- gpsr@libri.de
Contributors Roberto L. Abreu, Eunice V. Avilés Faría, Matthew J. Beck, Rachel Becker-Warner, Dianne Berg, Nova J. Bradford, Leonardo Candelario-Pérez, Zari K. Carpenter, Kevin Carrión, Taymy J. Caso, Jennifer J. Connor, Luis Díaz-Medero, Marla E. Eisenberg, Caleb Esteban, Jan E. Estrellado, Catherine Forbes, Amy Gower, Kellen R. Grayson, Gary Howell, Astrid Irizarry-Rodríguez, Saeromi Kim, Mira Krishnan, Cristina L. Magalhães, Caroline Maykut, Carrie Mounier, Arlene Noriega, Alixida Ramos-Pibernus, G. Nic Rider, Hiram Rivera-Mercado, Tangela Roberts, Catherine Schaefer, Kat Schuette, Kayden J. Schumacher, Katherine G. Spencer, Richard A. Sprott, Molly M. Strear, Kaitlin Venema, Jessica Ward, Julie Williams, Macy Wilson About the Editors Cristina L. Magalhães, PhD, LMHC (she/her), is professor of clinical psychology, director of the Clinical PsyD Program, and coordinator of the Rockway Certificate in LGBTQ Mental Health and Human Services at the California School of Professional Psychology (CSPP) at Alliant International University, Los Angeles. Dr. Magalhães has served on various committees and task forces charged with addressing the needs of LGBTQ+ people and communities. She is founding editor of PERSPECTIVES (2014-2021)-the newsletter of APA Division 35 Section IV on gender and sexual minority concerns-and currently serves as president-elect of the same professional organization. Dr. Magalhães began her training as a psychologist in Brazil in the late 1980s, became licensed as a mental health counselor in Florida in 2002, and obtained her license as a psychologist in California in 2010. She has experience working with LGBTQ+ couples, families, and individuals across the life span in community mental health centers, residential settings, social service agencies, and private practice. Richard A. Sprott, PhD, received his doctoral degree in developmental psychology from University of California Berkeley in 1994. His early work was on social and language development in early childhood. He is president of the Society for the Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity for 2021-2022 (APA Division 44). For more than 12 years, he co-chaired the Children, Youth and Families Committee of Society for the Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. He is coeditor on a newly released book from APA Books entitled Supporting Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation Diversity in K-12 Schools. He is also the co-author of Sexual Outsiders: Understanding BDSM Sexualities and Communities (Rowman & Littlefield, 2013). Along with Dr. Elisabeth Sheff, he is also co-editor of a new book series, Diverse Sexualities, Genders, and Relationships, from Rowman & Littlefield. He is currently directing research projects focused on identity development and health/well-being in people who express alternative sexualities and nontraditional relationships, with a special emphasis on kink/BDSM sexuality and polyamory or consensual non-monogamy. Richard currently teaches courses in the Department of Human Development and Women's Studies at California State University, East Bay. G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP, is an assistant professor at the Institute for Sexual and Gender Health at the University of Minnesota Medical School and director at the National Center for Gender Spectrum Health. Dr. Rider's scholarly work often focuses on social and structural factors affecting the lived experiences of historically marginalized communities and resilience/strengths identified by these communities. Their professional interests are in the areas of intersectionality, improving various health disparities, decolonizing healing justice, systems change, and social justice advocacy. They currently serve as co-chair for the Asian American Psychological Association's Division on LGBTQQ and participate on committees advocating for sexual and gender diverse individuals globally.
Introduction: Health Disparities, Resilience, and Interdisciplinary Care
for LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP; Cristina L. Magalhães, PhD, LMHC; & Richard A.
Sprott, PhD
Rationale for this Book
Target Audience
Useful Frameworks
Minority Stress Theory Intersectionality Theory Resilience-Based and
Strength-Focused Approaches Interdisciplinary and Whole-Person Approaches
Overview of the Book
Conclusion
References
SECTION I: THEORETICAL APPROACHES
1 Minority Stress Theory and Resilience-Building Practice
Eunice V. Avilés Faría, PsyD, LMHC, LPC
Author's Note
Minority Stress Theory
Minority Stress Processes
Minority Stress Processes and Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Individuals
Distal Stressors Proximal Stressors The Impact of Minority Stress on Mental
Health
The Impact of Minority Stress on Physical Health
Resilience
Individual Resilience Community Resilience Resilience-Building Practice:
Interventions That Can Enhance Resilience
Societal Level Interventions Community- and Group-Level Interventions
Individual-Level Interventions (ILI) Empirical Support for the Minority
Stress Model
Gaps in the Literature and Future Directions for Clinically Relevant
Research
References
2 Intersectionality, Culturally Sensitive Care, and LGBTQ+ Youth
Kayden J. Schumacher, BA, MSc, MS Ed, LSC; Leonardo E. Candelario-Pérez,
PhD, LP; Eunice V. Avilés Faría, PsyD, LMHC, LPC; & G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP
Practice Considerations
Advocacy Considerations
Conclusion
References
3 Interdisciplinary Healthcare for Transgender Youth: An Application of t
he Gender Affirmative Lifespan Approach (GALA)
Katherine G. Spencer, PhD, LP, CST & Nova Bradford, LGSW
Introduction to Transgender Health
History of Gender Affirmative Healthcare for Youth
Minority Stress
The Gender Affirmative Lifespan Approach (GALA)
Philosophical Foundations of GALA Core Components of GALA Interdisciplinary
Approach
Connections to Medical Interventions
Case Studies
Case Study A: Research-Unicorn Youth Case Study B: Advocacy & Policy-Health
Insurance Advocacy in Minnesota Case Study C: Clinical Example-Sexuality
and Agency Case Study D: Youth Homelessness Conclusion
Key Knowledge Points Recommendations for Professionals References
SECTION II: DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
4 The Youngest Part of the Rainbow: Clinical Care for Gender Diverse
Children
Dianne R. Berg, PhD, LP*; Caroline Maykut, PhD*; Rachel Becker-Warner,
PsyD, LP; Catherine Schaefer, MS; & Jennifer J. Connor, PhD, LMFT
(*Co-First Authors)
Social and Historical Context of Research with Gender Diverse Children
Gender Identity Development
Mental Health in Gender Diverse Children
Clinical Implications of Mental Health Research
Resilience in Gender Diverse Children
Interpersonal Contexts Peer Group Family Community Contexts Schools
Healthcare Settings Medical Settings Mental Health Settings Case Study
Andi's Gender Journey Sessions 1-3 Assessment: Age 4.11-5.0 Sessions 4-5
Feedback and Collaborative Treatment Planning with Parents Only: Age
5.1-5.2 Sessions 6-11 Early Therapy Process: Age 5.3-6.1 Sessions 12-16
Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age 6.2-6.7 Sessions 17-24 Ongoing Therapeutic
Process: Age 6.8-7.5 Sessions 24-35 Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age
7.6-9.0 Sessions 36-44 Present Therapeutic Process: Age 9.3-10.5 Case
Reflection Future Directions
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Practitioners and Professionals
References
5 Risk and Protective Factors among LGBTQ+ Adolescents
Amy L. Gower, PhD; Marla E. Eisenberg, ScD, MPH; & G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP
Interpersonal Relationships
Friendships Romantic Relationships Parent/Family Relationships The School
Context
Community Support
Online/Internet Support
Developmental Considerations
Case Study
Practice Considerations Conclusions
References
6 Not a Teen, Not Yet an Adult: Health Risk and Protective Factors among
LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Caleb Esteban, PhD; Alixida Ramos-Pibernus, PhD; Luis X. Díaz-Medero, MS; &
Astrid Irizarry-Rodríguez, MS
LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Institutional Challenges
Family College Religious Institutions Healthcare Government Interpersonal
Challenges
Relationships Marriage Peers Religious Affiliation Personal Challenges
Physical Health HIV/STIs Healthcare Substance Abuse Mental Health
Depression and Anxiety Suicide Protective Factors for LGBTQ+ Emerging
Adults
Resilience Social Support Community Engagement and Connectedness Gaps and
Future Direction for Studies
Clinical Implications
Case Study
Case Study Discussion
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Mental Health Clinicians
References
SECTION III: SYSTEMS OF CARE
7 Pre-K-12 Schools
Molly M. Strear, PhD, NCC & Matthew J. Beck, PhD, LCPC, NCC, ACS
SBMHPs Working with LGBTQ+ Youth: Review of Literature
School Counselors School Social Workers School Psychologists SBMHP
Collaboration Recommendations for SBMHPs
Coordination of Services through MTSS
Tier 1-Universal Support Tier 2-Supplemental Support Tier 3-Intensified
Support Family/Community Engagement Implications and Future Directions
Conclusion
Key Knowledge for Students Recommendations for Practitioners and
Professionals References
8 Serving LGBTQ+ Students at University and College Campuses
(Jan E. Estrellado, PhD, & Saeromi Kim, PhD)
Challenges Facing LGBTQ+ College Students
Mental Health Disparities Identity Development as a Major Task of Late
Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Acceptance and Visibility of LGBTQ+
Students on Campus Intersectionality and Marginalized Identities The Need
for Affirming LGBTQ+ College Student Services
Student Support Services Relationships with Faculty Relationships with
Peers Health Services on Campus Gaps in Research
First-Generation Students Bisexual and Fluid Students Transgender,
Nonbinary, and Gender Expansive (TNBGE) Students STEM Students Immigration
Status International Students Clinical and Policy Recommendations When
Working with LGBTQ+ College Students
University or College Counseling Centers Coming Out Language Complexity of
Identities Depathologizing Symptoms Advocacy Policy Recommendations Data
Collection Institutional Policies Feedback Loops Inclusivity Dialogue
Spaces Intersectionality Community LGBTQ+ Services Community Colleges
Protective Factors Health Providers Counseling Centers Academic and Career
Advisors Conclusion
Key Knowledge Points Recommendations for Practitioners References
9 Medical Care Centers as Beacons of Hope for LGBTQ+ Youth
Hiram Rivera-Mercado, PsyD; Kevin Carrión, PsyD; & Taymy J. Caso, PhD
Role of Hospitals in Serving LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Some Services Included
Primary Care Pediatric Endocrinologist Behavioral Health and Mental Health
Services Obstetrics and Gynecology Policies and Their Function
Training of Personnel
Community Partnerships and Resources
Creating a Welcoming Environment
Physical Environment Registration and Documentation Processes Language and
Communication Conclusion
References
10 Improving Child Welfare and Foster Care Outcomes for LGBTQ+ Youth
Kellen Grayson, PsyD, LMFT & Mira Krishnan, PhD, ABPP
Family Rejection, Abuse, and Homophobia
LGBTQ+ Youth and Polyvictimization
Poverty and LGBTQ+ Youth Vulnerability
Overrepresentation of LGBTQ+ Youth in Child Welfare Services
The State of Foster Care and Child Welfare Systems
Policies and Practices in Child Welfare Services Training and Oversight of
Foster Parents and Child Welfare Workers Gaps in Care
Transition-Age Youth The Landscape for Change Religious Freedom Restoration
Acts and Child Welfare Considerations for Clinicians Conclusion
References
11 LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing Homelessness
(Catherine Forbes, PhD, Carrie Mounier, LCSW, & Kaitlin Venema, PhD)
Literature Review and Gaps in Research: LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing
Homelessness
Figure 11.1. Risk Factors for Homelessness Shared with
Cisgender/Heterosexual Youth and Unique for LGBTQ+ Youth
Clinical Considerations and Recommendations for Practice in Mental Health
and Substance Abuse Treatment
Trauma-Informed Care Interdisciplinary Programs for LGBTQ+ YEH
Evidenced-Based LGBTQ+-Affirming Therapeutic Services Group Therapy
Approaches Alternative Programming for LGBTQ+ YEH Medical Interventions
Structural Competency and Service Systems for LGBTQ+ YEH
Impact of Structures on Patient Health
Influence of Structures on the Clinical Encounter
Respond to Structures in the Clinic
Respond to Structures beyond the Clinic
Structural Humility
Practice and Policy Recommendations
Healing-Centered Engagement and Structural Violence
Restorative Justice and Structural Violence
Positive Youth Development and Structural Violence
Harm Reduction and Structural Violence
Gaps and Future Directions
References
12 Gender Expansive and Sexual Minority Youth and the (In)Justice System
Macy Wilson, PsyD; Jessica Ward, MA; & Roberto L. Abreu, PhD
Incidence and Prevalence
Risk Factors
School-to-Prison Pipeline
"No Promo Homo" Laws and a Heterosexual-Cisgender School-Based Curriculum
A Failed Welfare System
The (Il)legal System
Disproportionate Representation Unequal Injustice Gender Differences Youth
of Color Microaggressions Mediating Factors Mental Health Behaviors While
Incarcerated
Self-Harming Behaviors Aggression toward Others Toward a Socially Just
System: Ensuring Safety for LGBTQ+ Youth
Incorporating a Holistic Approach to Care Constitutional Rights Legal
Rights of LGBTQ+ Youth in the Justice System Recommendations
Key Knowledge Points
References
13 Services for Youth and Emerging Adults at LGBTQ+ Centers and Other
Community-Based Organizations
Tangela Roberts, PhD; Zari Carpenter, MA; & Kat Schuette, MA
Authors' Note
LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults of Color
Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth and Emerging Adults
Challenges for LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Healthcare Challenges Mental Health Sexual Health Interpersonal Challenges
Coming Out Building Community Dating and Relationships Intimate Partner
Violence Vocational Challenges Career Development Employment Discrimination
Workplace Identity Management Method
Sample of LGBTQ+ Community Centers
Table 13.1: Number of LGBTQ+ Community Centers in the United States by
State
Results
Physical Health Services Mental Health Services Services for Queer Youth
and Emerging Adults of Color (QYAOC) Services for Transgender and
Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth and Emerging Adults Emotional Support
Social Support Services Related to the Provision of Basic Needs Housing
Stability Food Insecurity Services Related to Educational and Vocational
Assistance Auxiliary Services Discussion
Areas of Improvement in Serving LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Availability of Services by Geographical Region Access to LGBTQ+ Community
Centers LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults of Color Considerations for
Clinical Practice Policy Recommendations References
14 Independent Practice
Gary Howell, PsyD; Arlene Noriega, PhD; & Julie Williams, MS Ed, MA
Independent Practice
Solo Practices Group Practices Integrated Practices Nuances with LGBTQ+
Affirmative Practices
Consultative Roles
Barriers to Care
Healthcare Disparities Sociopolitical Factors Social Determinants of Care
Eliminating Barriers to Care Cultural Competence
Intersectional Approach Centering Marginalized Voices Advocacy Integrated
Approach
Impact of the Affordable Care Act Impact of COVID Successes Challenges
Research Gaps and Future Directions
Considerations for Practice
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Practitioners
References
Conclusion: Increasing Health and Well-Being of LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging
Adults: Lessons Learned, Questions Unanswered
Richard A. Sprott, PhD; G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP; & Cristina L. Magalhães,
PhD, LMHC
Summary of Findings and Lessons
A Possible Agenda for Research, Clinical Treatment, and Policy
More Resources and Funding Train Mental Health Providers Systems-Based
Approach Refinement Summary
References
Appendix: List of Resources
Bibliography
Index
About the Authors
for LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP; Cristina L. Magalhães, PhD, LMHC; & Richard A.
Sprott, PhD
Rationale for this Book
Target Audience
Useful Frameworks
Minority Stress Theory Intersectionality Theory Resilience-Based and
Strength-Focused Approaches Interdisciplinary and Whole-Person Approaches
Overview of the Book
Conclusion
References
SECTION I: THEORETICAL APPROACHES
1 Minority Stress Theory and Resilience-Building Practice
Eunice V. Avilés Faría, PsyD, LMHC, LPC
Author's Note
Minority Stress Theory
Minority Stress Processes
Minority Stress Processes and Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Individuals
Distal Stressors Proximal Stressors The Impact of Minority Stress on Mental
Health
The Impact of Minority Stress on Physical Health
Resilience
Individual Resilience Community Resilience Resilience-Building Practice:
Interventions That Can Enhance Resilience
Societal Level Interventions Community- and Group-Level Interventions
Individual-Level Interventions (ILI) Empirical Support for the Minority
Stress Model
Gaps in the Literature and Future Directions for Clinically Relevant
Research
References
2 Intersectionality, Culturally Sensitive Care, and LGBTQ+ Youth
Kayden J. Schumacher, BA, MSc, MS Ed, LSC; Leonardo E. Candelario-Pérez,
PhD, LP; Eunice V. Avilés Faría, PsyD, LMHC, LPC; & G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP
Practice Considerations
Advocacy Considerations
Conclusion
References
3 Interdisciplinary Healthcare for Transgender Youth: An Application of t
he Gender Affirmative Lifespan Approach (GALA)
Katherine G. Spencer, PhD, LP, CST & Nova Bradford, LGSW
Introduction to Transgender Health
History of Gender Affirmative Healthcare for Youth
Minority Stress
The Gender Affirmative Lifespan Approach (GALA)
Philosophical Foundations of GALA Core Components of GALA Interdisciplinary
Approach
Connections to Medical Interventions
Case Studies
Case Study A: Research-Unicorn Youth Case Study B: Advocacy & Policy-Health
Insurance Advocacy in Minnesota Case Study C: Clinical Example-Sexuality
and Agency Case Study D: Youth Homelessness Conclusion
Key Knowledge Points Recommendations for Professionals References
SECTION II: DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
4 The Youngest Part of the Rainbow: Clinical Care for Gender Diverse
Children
Dianne R. Berg, PhD, LP*; Caroline Maykut, PhD*; Rachel Becker-Warner,
PsyD, LP; Catherine Schaefer, MS; & Jennifer J. Connor, PhD, LMFT
(*Co-First Authors)
Social and Historical Context of Research with Gender Diverse Children
Gender Identity Development
Mental Health in Gender Diverse Children
Clinical Implications of Mental Health Research
Resilience in Gender Diverse Children
Interpersonal Contexts Peer Group Family Community Contexts Schools
Healthcare Settings Medical Settings Mental Health Settings Case Study
Andi's Gender Journey Sessions 1-3 Assessment: Age 4.11-5.0 Sessions 4-5
Feedback and Collaborative Treatment Planning with Parents Only: Age
5.1-5.2 Sessions 6-11 Early Therapy Process: Age 5.3-6.1 Sessions 12-16
Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age 6.2-6.7 Sessions 17-24 Ongoing Therapeutic
Process: Age 6.8-7.5 Sessions 24-35 Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age
7.6-9.0 Sessions 36-44 Present Therapeutic Process: Age 9.3-10.5 Case
Reflection Future Directions
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Practitioners and Professionals
References
5 Risk and Protective Factors among LGBTQ+ Adolescents
Amy L. Gower, PhD; Marla E. Eisenberg, ScD, MPH; & G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP
Interpersonal Relationships
Friendships Romantic Relationships Parent/Family Relationships The School
Context
Community Support
Online/Internet Support
Developmental Considerations
Case Study
Practice Considerations Conclusions
References
6 Not a Teen, Not Yet an Adult: Health Risk and Protective Factors among
LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Caleb Esteban, PhD; Alixida Ramos-Pibernus, PhD; Luis X. Díaz-Medero, MS; &
Astrid Irizarry-Rodríguez, MS
LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Institutional Challenges
Family College Religious Institutions Healthcare Government Interpersonal
Challenges
Relationships Marriage Peers Religious Affiliation Personal Challenges
Physical Health HIV/STIs Healthcare Substance Abuse Mental Health
Depression and Anxiety Suicide Protective Factors for LGBTQ+ Emerging
Adults
Resilience Social Support Community Engagement and Connectedness Gaps and
Future Direction for Studies
Clinical Implications
Case Study
Case Study Discussion
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Mental Health Clinicians
References
SECTION III: SYSTEMS OF CARE
7 Pre-K-12 Schools
Molly M. Strear, PhD, NCC & Matthew J. Beck, PhD, LCPC, NCC, ACS
SBMHPs Working with LGBTQ+ Youth: Review of Literature
School Counselors School Social Workers School Psychologists SBMHP
Collaboration Recommendations for SBMHPs
Coordination of Services through MTSS
Tier 1-Universal Support Tier 2-Supplemental Support Tier 3-Intensified
Support Family/Community Engagement Implications and Future Directions
Conclusion
Key Knowledge for Students Recommendations for Practitioners and
Professionals References
8 Serving LGBTQ+ Students at University and College Campuses
(Jan E. Estrellado, PhD, & Saeromi Kim, PhD)
Challenges Facing LGBTQ+ College Students
Mental Health Disparities Identity Development as a Major Task of Late
Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Acceptance and Visibility of LGBTQ+
Students on Campus Intersectionality and Marginalized Identities The Need
for Affirming LGBTQ+ College Student Services
Student Support Services Relationships with Faculty Relationships with
Peers Health Services on Campus Gaps in Research
First-Generation Students Bisexual and Fluid Students Transgender,
Nonbinary, and Gender Expansive (TNBGE) Students STEM Students Immigration
Status International Students Clinical and Policy Recommendations When
Working with LGBTQ+ College Students
University or College Counseling Centers Coming Out Language Complexity of
Identities Depathologizing Symptoms Advocacy Policy Recommendations Data
Collection Institutional Policies Feedback Loops Inclusivity Dialogue
Spaces Intersectionality Community LGBTQ+ Services Community Colleges
Protective Factors Health Providers Counseling Centers Academic and Career
Advisors Conclusion
Key Knowledge Points Recommendations for Practitioners References
9 Medical Care Centers as Beacons of Hope for LGBTQ+ Youth
Hiram Rivera-Mercado, PsyD; Kevin Carrión, PsyD; & Taymy J. Caso, PhD
Role of Hospitals in Serving LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Some Services Included
Primary Care Pediatric Endocrinologist Behavioral Health and Mental Health
Services Obstetrics and Gynecology Policies and Their Function
Training of Personnel
Community Partnerships and Resources
Creating a Welcoming Environment
Physical Environment Registration and Documentation Processes Language and
Communication Conclusion
References
10 Improving Child Welfare and Foster Care Outcomes for LGBTQ+ Youth
Kellen Grayson, PsyD, LMFT & Mira Krishnan, PhD, ABPP
Family Rejection, Abuse, and Homophobia
LGBTQ+ Youth and Polyvictimization
Poverty and LGBTQ+ Youth Vulnerability
Overrepresentation of LGBTQ+ Youth in Child Welfare Services
The State of Foster Care and Child Welfare Systems
Policies and Practices in Child Welfare Services Training and Oversight of
Foster Parents and Child Welfare Workers Gaps in Care
Transition-Age Youth The Landscape for Change Religious Freedom Restoration
Acts and Child Welfare Considerations for Clinicians Conclusion
References
11 LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing Homelessness
(Catherine Forbes, PhD, Carrie Mounier, LCSW, & Kaitlin Venema, PhD)
Literature Review and Gaps in Research: LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing
Homelessness
Figure 11.1. Risk Factors for Homelessness Shared with
Cisgender/Heterosexual Youth and Unique for LGBTQ+ Youth
Clinical Considerations and Recommendations for Practice in Mental Health
and Substance Abuse Treatment
Trauma-Informed Care Interdisciplinary Programs for LGBTQ+ YEH
Evidenced-Based LGBTQ+-Affirming Therapeutic Services Group Therapy
Approaches Alternative Programming for LGBTQ+ YEH Medical Interventions
Structural Competency and Service Systems for LGBTQ+ YEH
Impact of Structures on Patient Health
Influence of Structures on the Clinical Encounter
Respond to Structures in the Clinic
Respond to Structures beyond the Clinic
Structural Humility
Practice and Policy Recommendations
Healing-Centered Engagement and Structural Violence
Restorative Justice and Structural Violence
Positive Youth Development and Structural Violence
Harm Reduction and Structural Violence
Gaps and Future Directions
References
12 Gender Expansive and Sexual Minority Youth and the (In)Justice System
Macy Wilson, PsyD; Jessica Ward, MA; & Roberto L. Abreu, PhD
Incidence and Prevalence
Risk Factors
School-to-Prison Pipeline
"No Promo Homo" Laws and a Heterosexual-Cisgender School-Based Curriculum
A Failed Welfare System
The (Il)legal System
Disproportionate Representation Unequal Injustice Gender Differences Youth
of Color Microaggressions Mediating Factors Mental Health Behaviors While
Incarcerated
Self-Harming Behaviors Aggression toward Others Toward a Socially Just
System: Ensuring Safety for LGBTQ+ Youth
Incorporating a Holistic Approach to Care Constitutional Rights Legal
Rights of LGBTQ+ Youth in the Justice System Recommendations
Key Knowledge Points
References
13 Services for Youth and Emerging Adults at LGBTQ+ Centers and Other
Community-Based Organizations
Tangela Roberts, PhD; Zari Carpenter, MA; & Kat Schuette, MA
Authors' Note
LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults of Color
Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth and Emerging Adults
Challenges for LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Healthcare Challenges Mental Health Sexual Health Interpersonal Challenges
Coming Out Building Community Dating and Relationships Intimate Partner
Violence Vocational Challenges Career Development Employment Discrimination
Workplace Identity Management Method
Sample of LGBTQ+ Community Centers
Table 13.1: Number of LGBTQ+ Community Centers in the United States by
State
Results
Physical Health Services Mental Health Services Services for Queer Youth
and Emerging Adults of Color (QYAOC) Services for Transgender and
Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth and Emerging Adults Emotional Support
Social Support Services Related to the Provision of Basic Needs Housing
Stability Food Insecurity Services Related to Educational and Vocational
Assistance Auxiliary Services Discussion
Areas of Improvement in Serving LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Availability of Services by Geographical Region Access to LGBTQ+ Community
Centers LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults of Color Considerations for
Clinical Practice Policy Recommendations References
14 Independent Practice
Gary Howell, PsyD; Arlene Noriega, PhD; & Julie Williams, MS Ed, MA
Independent Practice
Solo Practices Group Practices Integrated Practices Nuances with LGBTQ+
Affirmative Practices
Consultative Roles
Barriers to Care
Healthcare Disparities Sociopolitical Factors Social Determinants of Care
Eliminating Barriers to Care Cultural Competence
Intersectional Approach Centering Marginalized Voices Advocacy Integrated
Approach
Impact of the Affordable Care Act Impact of COVID Successes Challenges
Research Gaps and Future Directions
Considerations for Practice
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Practitioners
References
Conclusion: Increasing Health and Well-Being of LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging
Adults: Lessons Learned, Questions Unanswered
Richard A. Sprott, PhD; G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP; & Cristina L. Magalhães,
PhD, LMHC
Summary of Findings and Lessons
A Possible Agenda for Research, Clinical Treatment, and Policy
More Resources and Funding Train Mental Health Providers Systems-Based
Approach Refinement Summary
References
Appendix: List of Resources
Bibliography
Index
About the Authors
Introduction: Health Disparities, Resilience, and Interdisciplinary Care
for LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP; Cristina L. Magalhães, PhD, LMHC; & Richard A.
Sprott, PhD
Rationale for this Book
Target Audience
Useful Frameworks
Minority Stress Theory Intersectionality Theory Resilience-Based and
Strength-Focused Approaches Interdisciplinary and Whole-Person Approaches
Overview of the Book
Conclusion
References
SECTION I: THEORETICAL APPROACHES
1 Minority Stress Theory and Resilience-Building Practice
Eunice V. Avilés Faría, PsyD, LMHC, LPC
Author's Note
Minority Stress Theory
Minority Stress Processes
Minority Stress Processes and Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Individuals
Distal Stressors Proximal Stressors The Impact of Minority Stress on Mental
Health
The Impact of Minority Stress on Physical Health
Resilience
Individual Resilience Community Resilience Resilience-Building Practice:
Interventions That Can Enhance Resilience
Societal Level Interventions Community- and Group-Level Interventions
Individual-Level Interventions (ILI) Empirical Support for the Minority
Stress Model
Gaps in the Literature and Future Directions for Clinically Relevant
Research
References
2 Intersectionality, Culturally Sensitive Care, and LGBTQ+ Youth
Kayden J. Schumacher, BA, MSc, MS Ed, LSC; Leonardo E. Candelario-Pérez,
PhD, LP; Eunice V. Avilés Faría, PsyD, LMHC, LPC; & G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP
Practice Considerations
Advocacy Considerations
Conclusion
References
3 Interdisciplinary Healthcare for Transgender Youth: An Application of t
he Gender Affirmative Lifespan Approach (GALA)
Katherine G. Spencer, PhD, LP, CST & Nova Bradford, LGSW
Introduction to Transgender Health
History of Gender Affirmative Healthcare for Youth
Minority Stress
The Gender Affirmative Lifespan Approach (GALA)
Philosophical Foundations of GALA Core Components of GALA Interdisciplinary
Approach
Connections to Medical Interventions
Case Studies
Case Study A: Research-Unicorn Youth Case Study B: Advocacy & Policy-Health
Insurance Advocacy in Minnesota Case Study C: Clinical Example-Sexuality
and Agency Case Study D: Youth Homelessness Conclusion
Key Knowledge Points Recommendations for Professionals References
SECTION II: DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
4 The Youngest Part of the Rainbow: Clinical Care for Gender Diverse
Children
Dianne R. Berg, PhD, LP*; Caroline Maykut, PhD*; Rachel Becker-Warner,
PsyD, LP; Catherine Schaefer, MS; & Jennifer J. Connor, PhD, LMFT
(*Co-First Authors)
Social and Historical Context of Research with Gender Diverse Children
Gender Identity Development
Mental Health in Gender Diverse Children
Clinical Implications of Mental Health Research
Resilience in Gender Diverse Children
Interpersonal Contexts Peer Group Family Community Contexts Schools
Healthcare Settings Medical Settings Mental Health Settings Case Study
Andi's Gender Journey Sessions 1-3 Assessment: Age 4.11-5.0 Sessions 4-5
Feedback and Collaborative Treatment Planning with Parents Only: Age
5.1-5.2 Sessions 6-11 Early Therapy Process: Age 5.3-6.1 Sessions 12-16
Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age 6.2-6.7 Sessions 17-24 Ongoing Therapeutic
Process: Age 6.8-7.5 Sessions 24-35 Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age
7.6-9.0 Sessions 36-44 Present Therapeutic Process: Age 9.3-10.5 Case
Reflection Future Directions
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Practitioners and Professionals
References
5 Risk and Protective Factors among LGBTQ+ Adolescents
Amy L. Gower, PhD; Marla E. Eisenberg, ScD, MPH; & G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP
Interpersonal Relationships
Friendships Romantic Relationships Parent/Family Relationships The School
Context
Community Support
Online/Internet Support
Developmental Considerations
Case Study
Practice Considerations Conclusions
References
6 Not a Teen, Not Yet an Adult: Health Risk and Protective Factors among
LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Caleb Esteban, PhD; Alixida Ramos-Pibernus, PhD; Luis X. Díaz-Medero, MS; &
Astrid Irizarry-Rodríguez, MS
LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Institutional Challenges
Family College Religious Institutions Healthcare Government Interpersonal
Challenges
Relationships Marriage Peers Religious Affiliation Personal Challenges
Physical Health HIV/STIs Healthcare Substance Abuse Mental Health
Depression and Anxiety Suicide Protective Factors for LGBTQ+ Emerging
Adults
Resilience Social Support Community Engagement and Connectedness Gaps and
Future Direction for Studies
Clinical Implications
Case Study
Case Study Discussion
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Mental Health Clinicians
References
SECTION III: SYSTEMS OF CARE
7 Pre-K-12 Schools
Molly M. Strear, PhD, NCC & Matthew J. Beck, PhD, LCPC, NCC, ACS
SBMHPs Working with LGBTQ+ Youth: Review of Literature
School Counselors School Social Workers School Psychologists SBMHP
Collaboration Recommendations for SBMHPs
Coordination of Services through MTSS
Tier 1-Universal Support Tier 2-Supplemental Support Tier 3-Intensified
Support Family/Community Engagement Implications and Future Directions
Conclusion
Key Knowledge for Students Recommendations for Practitioners and
Professionals References
8 Serving LGBTQ+ Students at University and College Campuses
(Jan E. Estrellado, PhD, & Saeromi Kim, PhD)
Challenges Facing LGBTQ+ College Students
Mental Health Disparities Identity Development as a Major Task of Late
Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Acceptance and Visibility of LGBTQ+
Students on Campus Intersectionality and Marginalized Identities The Need
for Affirming LGBTQ+ College Student Services
Student Support Services Relationships with Faculty Relationships with
Peers Health Services on Campus Gaps in Research
First-Generation Students Bisexual and Fluid Students Transgender,
Nonbinary, and Gender Expansive (TNBGE) Students STEM Students Immigration
Status International Students Clinical and Policy Recommendations When
Working with LGBTQ+ College Students
University or College Counseling Centers Coming Out Language Complexity of
Identities Depathologizing Symptoms Advocacy Policy Recommendations Data
Collection Institutional Policies Feedback Loops Inclusivity Dialogue
Spaces Intersectionality Community LGBTQ+ Services Community Colleges
Protective Factors Health Providers Counseling Centers Academic and Career
Advisors Conclusion
Key Knowledge Points Recommendations for Practitioners References
9 Medical Care Centers as Beacons of Hope for LGBTQ+ Youth
Hiram Rivera-Mercado, PsyD; Kevin Carrión, PsyD; & Taymy J. Caso, PhD
Role of Hospitals in Serving LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Some Services Included
Primary Care Pediatric Endocrinologist Behavioral Health and Mental Health
Services Obstetrics and Gynecology Policies and Their Function
Training of Personnel
Community Partnerships and Resources
Creating a Welcoming Environment
Physical Environment Registration and Documentation Processes Language and
Communication Conclusion
References
10 Improving Child Welfare and Foster Care Outcomes for LGBTQ+ Youth
Kellen Grayson, PsyD, LMFT & Mira Krishnan, PhD, ABPP
Family Rejection, Abuse, and Homophobia
LGBTQ+ Youth and Polyvictimization
Poverty and LGBTQ+ Youth Vulnerability
Overrepresentation of LGBTQ+ Youth in Child Welfare Services
The State of Foster Care and Child Welfare Systems
Policies and Practices in Child Welfare Services Training and Oversight of
Foster Parents and Child Welfare Workers Gaps in Care
Transition-Age Youth The Landscape for Change Religious Freedom Restoration
Acts and Child Welfare Considerations for Clinicians Conclusion
References
11 LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing Homelessness
(Catherine Forbes, PhD, Carrie Mounier, LCSW, & Kaitlin Venema, PhD)
Literature Review and Gaps in Research: LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing
Homelessness
Figure 11.1. Risk Factors for Homelessness Shared with
Cisgender/Heterosexual Youth and Unique for LGBTQ+ Youth
Clinical Considerations and Recommendations for Practice in Mental Health
and Substance Abuse Treatment
Trauma-Informed Care Interdisciplinary Programs for LGBTQ+ YEH
Evidenced-Based LGBTQ+-Affirming Therapeutic Services Group Therapy
Approaches Alternative Programming for LGBTQ+ YEH Medical Interventions
Structural Competency and Service Systems for LGBTQ+ YEH
Impact of Structures on Patient Health
Influence of Structures on the Clinical Encounter
Respond to Structures in the Clinic
Respond to Structures beyond the Clinic
Structural Humility
Practice and Policy Recommendations
Healing-Centered Engagement and Structural Violence
Restorative Justice and Structural Violence
Positive Youth Development and Structural Violence
Harm Reduction and Structural Violence
Gaps and Future Directions
References
12 Gender Expansive and Sexual Minority Youth and the (In)Justice System
Macy Wilson, PsyD; Jessica Ward, MA; & Roberto L. Abreu, PhD
Incidence and Prevalence
Risk Factors
School-to-Prison Pipeline
"No Promo Homo" Laws and a Heterosexual-Cisgender School-Based Curriculum
A Failed Welfare System
The (Il)legal System
Disproportionate Representation Unequal Injustice Gender Differences Youth
of Color Microaggressions Mediating Factors Mental Health Behaviors While
Incarcerated
Self-Harming Behaviors Aggression toward Others Toward a Socially Just
System: Ensuring Safety for LGBTQ+ Youth
Incorporating a Holistic Approach to Care Constitutional Rights Legal
Rights of LGBTQ+ Youth in the Justice System Recommendations
Key Knowledge Points
References
13 Services for Youth and Emerging Adults at LGBTQ+ Centers and Other
Community-Based Organizations
Tangela Roberts, PhD; Zari Carpenter, MA; & Kat Schuette, MA
Authors' Note
LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults of Color
Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth and Emerging Adults
Challenges for LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Healthcare Challenges Mental Health Sexual Health Interpersonal Challenges
Coming Out Building Community Dating and Relationships Intimate Partner
Violence Vocational Challenges Career Development Employment Discrimination
Workplace Identity Management Method
Sample of LGBTQ+ Community Centers
Table 13.1: Number of LGBTQ+ Community Centers in the United States by
State
Results
Physical Health Services Mental Health Services Services for Queer Youth
and Emerging Adults of Color (QYAOC) Services for Transgender and
Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth and Emerging Adults Emotional Support
Social Support Services Related to the Provision of Basic Needs Housing
Stability Food Insecurity Services Related to Educational and Vocational
Assistance Auxiliary Services Discussion
Areas of Improvement in Serving LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Availability of Services by Geographical Region Access to LGBTQ+ Community
Centers LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults of Color Considerations for
Clinical Practice Policy Recommendations References
14 Independent Practice
Gary Howell, PsyD; Arlene Noriega, PhD; & Julie Williams, MS Ed, MA
Independent Practice
Solo Practices Group Practices Integrated Practices Nuances with LGBTQ+
Affirmative Practices
Consultative Roles
Barriers to Care
Healthcare Disparities Sociopolitical Factors Social Determinants of Care
Eliminating Barriers to Care Cultural Competence
Intersectional Approach Centering Marginalized Voices Advocacy Integrated
Approach
Impact of the Affordable Care Act Impact of COVID Successes Challenges
Research Gaps and Future Directions
Considerations for Practice
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Practitioners
References
Conclusion: Increasing Health and Well-Being of LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging
Adults: Lessons Learned, Questions Unanswered
Richard A. Sprott, PhD; G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP; & Cristina L. Magalhães,
PhD, LMHC
Summary of Findings and Lessons
A Possible Agenda for Research, Clinical Treatment, and Policy
More Resources and Funding Train Mental Health Providers Systems-Based
Approach Refinement Summary
References
Appendix: List of Resources
Bibliography
Index
About the Authors
for LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP; Cristina L. Magalhães, PhD, LMHC; & Richard A.
Sprott, PhD
Rationale for this Book
Target Audience
Useful Frameworks
Minority Stress Theory Intersectionality Theory Resilience-Based and
Strength-Focused Approaches Interdisciplinary and Whole-Person Approaches
Overview of the Book
Conclusion
References
SECTION I: THEORETICAL APPROACHES
1 Minority Stress Theory and Resilience-Building Practice
Eunice V. Avilés Faría, PsyD, LMHC, LPC
Author's Note
Minority Stress Theory
Minority Stress Processes
Minority Stress Processes and Transgender and Gender Nonbinary Individuals
Distal Stressors Proximal Stressors The Impact of Minority Stress on Mental
Health
The Impact of Minority Stress on Physical Health
Resilience
Individual Resilience Community Resilience Resilience-Building Practice:
Interventions That Can Enhance Resilience
Societal Level Interventions Community- and Group-Level Interventions
Individual-Level Interventions (ILI) Empirical Support for the Minority
Stress Model
Gaps in the Literature and Future Directions for Clinically Relevant
Research
References
2 Intersectionality, Culturally Sensitive Care, and LGBTQ+ Youth
Kayden J. Schumacher, BA, MSc, MS Ed, LSC; Leonardo E. Candelario-Pérez,
PhD, LP; Eunice V. Avilés Faría, PsyD, LMHC, LPC; & G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP
Practice Considerations
Advocacy Considerations
Conclusion
References
3 Interdisciplinary Healthcare for Transgender Youth: An Application of t
he Gender Affirmative Lifespan Approach (GALA)
Katherine G. Spencer, PhD, LP, CST & Nova Bradford, LGSW
Introduction to Transgender Health
History of Gender Affirmative Healthcare for Youth
Minority Stress
The Gender Affirmative Lifespan Approach (GALA)
Philosophical Foundations of GALA Core Components of GALA Interdisciplinary
Approach
Connections to Medical Interventions
Case Studies
Case Study A: Research-Unicorn Youth Case Study B: Advocacy & Policy-Health
Insurance Advocacy in Minnesota Case Study C: Clinical Example-Sexuality
and Agency Case Study D: Youth Homelessness Conclusion
Key Knowledge Points Recommendations for Professionals References
SECTION II: DEVELOPMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS
4 The Youngest Part of the Rainbow: Clinical Care for Gender Diverse
Children
Dianne R. Berg, PhD, LP*; Caroline Maykut, PhD*; Rachel Becker-Warner,
PsyD, LP; Catherine Schaefer, MS; & Jennifer J. Connor, PhD, LMFT
(*Co-First Authors)
Social and Historical Context of Research with Gender Diverse Children
Gender Identity Development
Mental Health in Gender Diverse Children
Clinical Implications of Mental Health Research
Resilience in Gender Diverse Children
Interpersonal Contexts Peer Group Family Community Contexts Schools
Healthcare Settings Medical Settings Mental Health Settings Case Study
Andi's Gender Journey Sessions 1-3 Assessment: Age 4.11-5.0 Sessions 4-5
Feedback and Collaborative Treatment Planning with Parents Only: Age
5.1-5.2 Sessions 6-11 Early Therapy Process: Age 5.3-6.1 Sessions 12-16
Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age 6.2-6.7 Sessions 17-24 Ongoing Therapeutic
Process: Age 6.8-7.5 Sessions 24-35 Ongoing Therapeutic Process: Age
7.6-9.0 Sessions 36-44 Present Therapeutic Process: Age 9.3-10.5 Case
Reflection Future Directions
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Practitioners and Professionals
References
5 Risk and Protective Factors among LGBTQ+ Adolescents
Amy L. Gower, PhD; Marla E. Eisenberg, ScD, MPH; & G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP
Interpersonal Relationships
Friendships Romantic Relationships Parent/Family Relationships The School
Context
Community Support
Online/Internet Support
Developmental Considerations
Case Study
Practice Considerations Conclusions
References
6 Not a Teen, Not Yet an Adult: Health Risk and Protective Factors among
LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Caleb Esteban, PhD; Alixida Ramos-Pibernus, PhD; Luis X. Díaz-Medero, MS; &
Astrid Irizarry-Rodríguez, MS
LGBTQ+ Emerging Adults
Institutional Challenges
Family College Religious Institutions Healthcare Government Interpersonal
Challenges
Relationships Marriage Peers Religious Affiliation Personal Challenges
Physical Health HIV/STIs Healthcare Substance Abuse Mental Health
Depression and Anxiety Suicide Protective Factors for LGBTQ+ Emerging
Adults
Resilience Social Support Community Engagement and Connectedness Gaps and
Future Direction for Studies
Clinical Implications
Case Study
Case Study Discussion
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Mental Health Clinicians
References
SECTION III: SYSTEMS OF CARE
7 Pre-K-12 Schools
Molly M. Strear, PhD, NCC & Matthew J. Beck, PhD, LCPC, NCC, ACS
SBMHPs Working with LGBTQ+ Youth: Review of Literature
School Counselors School Social Workers School Psychologists SBMHP
Collaboration Recommendations for SBMHPs
Coordination of Services through MTSS
Tier 1-Universal Support Tier 2-Supplemental Support Tier 3-Intensified
Support Family/Community Engagement Implications and Future Directions
Conclusion
Key Knowledge for Students Recommendations for Practitioners and
Professionals References
8 Serving LGBTQ+ Students at University and College Campuses
(Jan E. Estrellado, PhD, & Saeromi Kim, PhD)
Challenges Facing LGBTQ+ College Students
Mental Health Disparities Identity Development as a Major Task of Late
Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood Acceptance and Visibility of LGBTQ+
Students on Campus Intersectionality and Marginalized Identities The Need
for Affirming LGBTQ+ College Student Services
Student Support Services Relationships with Faculty Relationships with
Peers Health Services on Campus Gaps in Research
First-Generation Students Bisexual and Fluid Students Transgender,
Nonbinary, and Gender Expansive (TNBGE) Students STEM Students Immigration
Status International Students Clinical and Policy Recommendations When
Working with LGBTQ+ College Students
University or College Counseling Centers Coming Out Language Complexity of
Identities Depathologizing Symptoms Advocacy Policy Recommendations Data
Collection Institutional Policies Feedback Loops Inclusivity Dialogue
Spaces Intersectionality Community LGBTQ+ Services Community Colleges
Protective Factors Health Providers Counseling Centers Academic and Career
Advisors Conclusion
Key Knowledge Points Recommendations for Practitioners References
9 Medical Care Centers as Beacons of Hope for LGBTQ+ Youth
Hiram Rivera-Mercado, PsyD; Kevin Carrión, PsyD; & Taymy J. Caso, PhD
Role of Hospitals in Serving LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Some Services Included
Primary Care Pediatric Endocrinologist Behavioral Health and Mental Health
Services Obstetrics and Gynecology Policies and Their Function
Training of Personnel
Community Partnerships and Resources
Creating a Welcoming Environment
Physical Environment Registration and Documentation Processes Language and
Communication Conclusion
References
10 Improving Child Welfare and Foster Care Outcomes for LGBTQ+ Youth
Kellen Grayson, PsyD, LMFT & Mira Krishnan, PhD, ABPP
Family Rejection, Abuse, and Homophobia
LGBTQ+ Youth and Polyvictimization
Poverty and LGBTQ+ Youth Vulnerability
Overrepresentation of LGBTQ+ Youth in Child Welfare Services
The State of Foster Care and Child Welfare Systems
Policies and Practices in Child Welfare Services Training and Oversight of
Foster Parents and Child Welfare Workers Gaps in Care
Transition-Age Youth The Landscape for Change Religious Freedom Restoration
Acts and Child Welfare Considerations for Clinicians Conclusion
References
11 LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing Homelessness
(Catherine Forbes, PhD, Carrie Mounier, LCSW, & Kaitlin Venema, PhD)
Literature Review and Gaps in Research: LGBTQ+ Youth Experiencing
Homelessness
Figure 11.1. Risk Factors for Homelessness Shared with
Cisgender/Heterosexual Youth and Unique for LGBTQ+ Youth
Clinical Considerations and Recommendations for Practice in Mental Health
and Substance Abuse Treatment
Trauma-Informed Care Interdisciplinary Programs for LGBTQ+ YEH
Evidenced-Based LGBTQ+-Affirming Therapeutic Services Group Therapy
Approaches Alternative Programming for LGBTQ+ YEH Medical Interventions
Structural Competency and Service Systems for LGBTQ+ YEH
Impact of Structures on Patient Health
Influence of Structures on the Clinical Encounter
Respond to Structures in the Clinic
Respond to Structures beyond the Clinic
Structural Humility
Practice and Policy Recommendations
Healing-Centered Engagement and Structural Violence
Restorative Justice and Structural Violence
Positive Youth Development and Structural Violence
Harm Reduction and Structural Violence
Gaps and Future Directions
References
12 Gender Expansive and Sexual Minority Youth and the (In)Justice System
Macy Wilson, PsyD; Jessica Ward, MA; & Roberto L. Abreu, PhD
Incidence and Prevalence
Risk Factors
School-to-Prison Pipeline
"No Promo Homo" Laws and a Heterosexual-Cisgender School-Based Curriculum
A Failed Welfare System
The (Il)legal System
Disproportionate Representation Unequal Injustice Gender Differences Youth
of Color Microaggressions Mediating Factors Mental Health Behaviors While
Incarcerated
Self-Harming Behaviors Aggression toward Others Toward a Socially Just
System: Ensuring Safety for LGBTQ+ Youth
Incorporating a Holistic Approach to Care Constitutional Rights Legal
Rights of LGBTQ+ Youth in the Justice System Recommendations
Key Knowledge Points
References
13 Services for Youth and Emerging Adults at LGBTQ+ Centers and Other
Community-Based Organizations
Tangela Roberts, PhD; Zari Carpenter, MA; & Kat Schuette, MA
Authors' Note
LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults of Color
Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth and Emerging Adults
Challenges for LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Healthcare Challenges Mental Health Sexual Health Interpersonal Challenges
Coming Out Building Community Dating and Relationships Intimate Partner
Violence Vocational Challenges Career Development Employment Discrimination
Workplace Identity Management Method
Sample of LGBTQ+ Community Centers
Table 13.1: Number of LGBTQ+ Community Centers in the United States by
State
Results
Physical Health Services Mental Health Services Services for Queer Youth
and Emerging Adults of Color (QYAOC) Services for Transgender and
Gender-Nonconforming (TGNC) Youth and Emerging Adults Emotional Support
Social Support Services Related to the Provision of Basic Needs Housing
Stability Food Insecurity Services Related to Educational and Vocational
Assistance Auxiliary Services Discussion
Areas of Improvement in Serving LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults
Availability of Services by Geographical Region Access to LGBTQ+ Community
Centers LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging Adults of Color Considerations for
Clinical Practice Policy Recommendations References
14 Independent Practice
Gary Howell, PsyD; Arlene Noriega, PhD; & Julie Williams, MS Ed, MA
Independent Practice
Solo Practices Group Practices Integrated Practices Nuances with LGBTQ+
Affirmative Practices
Consultative Roles
Barriers to Care
Healthcare Disparities Sociopolitical Factors Social Determinants of Care
Eliminating Barriers to Care Cultural Competence
Intersectional Approach Centering Marginalized Voices Advocacy Integrated
Approach
Impact of the Affordable Care Act Impact of COVID Successes Challenges
Research Gaps and Future Directions
Considerations for Practice
Key Knowledge Points
Recommendations for Practitioners
References
Conclusion: Increasing Health and Well-Being of LGBTQ+ Youth and Emerging
Adults: Lessons Learned, Questions Unanswered
Richard A. Sprott, PhD; G. Nic Rider, PhD, LP; & Cristina L. Magalhães,
PhD, LMHC
Summary of Findings and Lessons
A Possible Agenda for Research, Clinical Treatment, and Policy
More Resources and Funding Train Mental Health Providers Systems-Based
Approach Refinement Summary
References
Appendix: List of Resources
Bibliography
Index
About the Authors







