In optics, a pencil or pencil of rays is a geometric construct used to describe a beam or portion of a beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles, typically in the form of a narrow cone or cylinder. Antennas which strongly bundle in azimuth and elevation are often described as "pencil-beam" antennas. For example a phased array antenna can send out a beam that is extremely thin. Such antennas are used for tracking radar. In optics, the focusing action of a lens is often described in terms of pencils of rays. In addition to conical and cylindrical pencils, optics deals with astigmatic pencils as well.
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