""Playing for Power: Black Resistance in Amateur Basketball and Football in Jim Crow Virginia" by Marvin T. Chiles analyzes Black football and basketball culture at the high school and college levels in Virginia before the days of integration. Rather than studying amateur sports as merely leisure pastimes, Chiles argues that they coalesced into a key cultural institution that sustained Black Virginians' collective sense of community, achievement, and purpose during segregation. From the 1890s to the early 1970s, amateur football and basketball in Virginia strengthened education, neutralized class divisions, shaped Black masculinity, groomed Black male leadership, cultivated race pride, and reflected Black desires for urban modernity. Moreover, these sports provided objective metrics of achievement that helped Black people retain their collective spirit that white elites designed Jim Crow to eradicate. While Black Virginians played many amateur sports, they played, organized, and consumed amateur football and basketball more than any other sport during the days of segregation. This is well documented in several primary sources that are called upon throughout this work. Thus, these sports provide the best source material and intellectual framework for crafting a much-needed history about Black amateur athletics in Jim Crow Virginia. "Playing for Power" contributes to a larger understanding of sports history and how amateur sports became favorite American spectacles and definers of Southern identity in the early 20th century by revealing the connections between high school and college athletic programs that have not been explored in previous scholarship"--
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