Essentially a sequel to the author's earlier work Defenders of the Establishment: Ruler-supportive Police Forces of South Asia, a history of the Indian police from ancient times to 1947, this book deals with police history, covering some 55 years since Indian Independence. Writing about contemporary institutions and events is a risky proposition and more so in this country as the very nature of its polity is forever in a state of flux, not always for the better. Law enforcement and politics are essential, irrevocable and interdependent features of state power and are prone to feed on each…mehr
Essentially a sequel to the author's earlier work Defenders of the Establishment: Ruler-supportive Police Forces of South Asia, a history of the Indian police from ancient times to 1947, this book deals with police history, covering some 55 years since Indian Independence. Writing about contemporary institutions and events is a risky proposition and more so in this country as the very nature of its polity is forever in a state of flux, not always for the better. Law enforcement and politics are essential, irrevocable and interdependent features of state power and are prone to feed on each other for sustenance. However, unwarranted political manipulation of state institutions, especially the police and the magistracy, a marked feature of Indian law enforcement mechanisms in recent times, is bound to impair democratic freedoms and human rights of the people. Also, all social and political institutions are the product of a nation's historical and philosophical experience through the ages. Indian police is no exception. In some ways, this is like saying that every society gets the police it deserves. Does it follow, therefore, that the Indian people are doomed to live for ever with a callous, overbearing, communalised, often corrupt and unaccountable police force? Not really. Only if the Indian state were to set in motion a calibrated process of substantial reforms in the outdated system of law enforcement, rooted in the mid-nineteenth century, most forms of distortions in police functioning would vanish.
Kirpal Dhillon has held some very important appointments, among them Joint Director in the Central Bureau of Investigation and Director General of Police, Panjab and Madhya Pradesh, which enabled him to gain deep insights into police problems and strategies. He also served as the Vice-Chancellor of Bhopal University after retirement from the IPS, and was later elected a fellow of the Indian Institute of Advanced Study, Shimla. His earlier work on Indian police history, Defenders of the Establishment: Ruler-supportive Police Forces of South Asia was very well received. Widely travelled and a prolific writer?on?contemporary?themes,?he?passed?away?in?the?year?2018.
Inhaltsangabe
Foreword 11 Preface 15 1 Setting the Agenda: Postulates, Definitions, Correlations 21 The Police Role 22 Police and Society 24 Police and the State 26 Two Types of Police 29 Police and the Indian Subcontinent 31 Defenders of the Establishment 34 Indian Police Act 1861 40 Police and the Media 45 2 Coping with Independence 51 Colonial Hangover 52 Adjusting to the New Order 54 Political Expediency and Law enforcement 57 All India Services – The Indian Police Service 60 IAS and IPS – An Uneasy Relationship 67 Enfeeblement of the Civil Service 69 Politicization 72 Post-Independence Strains 78 Special Commitments 81 Protecting Democratic Process 85 Police and Criminal Justice 86 3 The Political Environment 91 An Aberrant Democracy 92 Corruption High Places 99 Ministerial Perks 104 The New Mughals 107 Corruption and Criminality 114 Criminalization of Politics 117 4 State Police I 130 Growing Numbers, Swelling Budgets 130 Recruitment Policies 136 Special Branches 139 VIP Security 143 Criminal Investigation Department 147 Complaints Against Police 151 Brutality and Custodial Violence 153 Corruption and Criminality 157 Police and Weaker Sections 163 Gang Dacoity – Encounters and Surrenders 168 5 State Police II 185 Caste Militias 185 Expanding Span of Criminality 191 Frequent Agitations and Disorder 200 White-Collar Crime 203 Cyber Crime 206 6 State Police III209 Judicial Activism and Delays 209 Military Aid to Civil Authorities 220 Mrs. Gandhi's Emergency 226 Stray Experiments in Seeking Community Support 237 7 Central Police Organization I 249 Assam Rifles 253 Central Reserve Police Force 255 Border Security Force 262 Railway Protection Force 267 Indo-Tibetan Border Police 269 Central Industrial Security Force 272 National Security Guards 273 Bureau of Civil Aviation Security 277 8 Central Police Organization II National Security and Intelligence 286 Intelligence and Governance 293 Intelligence Bureau 299 Special Protection Group 314 Central Bureau Investigation 317 9 Training and Development 327 Training Process and Design 330 UNDP Project on Police Design 338 Current Training Scenario: An Evaluation 341 Committee on Police Training 349 Bureau of Police Research and Development 352 National Police Academy 355 State Police Training Institutions 369 Modernization 372 10 Sectarian Conflicts 376 Hindu-Muslim Divide 377 Hindu view of Muslims 379 Muslim view of Muslims 380 Hindu view of Hindus 381 Muslim view of Hindus 381 Communal Riots 383 Sectarian Divides and Terrorism 391 Communal Violence and Civil Society 394 More on Hindu-Muslim Riots 397 Ayodhya 1992 – Mumbai 1992-3 402 Coimbatore – 1997-8 413 Gujarat Carnage 415 Targeting Christians 419 Rewriting History 421 11 Socio-political Violence 427 An Unjust Social Order 428 Left Extremism (Naxalism) 433 Separatist Violence 440 The North-East 445 Assam 446 Nagaland 449 Mizoram and Tripura 452 Meitei Extremism (Manipur) 454 The North-West 455 Terrorism and Insurgency 456 An Alternative Approach 462 12 Panjab: 1983-92: Destabilization of a Mainstream State 466 The Logic of Militancy 467 The Rise of Bhindranwale and Operation Blue Star 473 Post-Bhindranwale Phase 478 Sikh Killings of 1984 482 Rajiv-Longowal Accord and the Assassination of Longowal 483 Two Phases of Militancy 487 Operations Black Thunder 499 The Beginning of the End 506 Post-Militancy Trends 512 13 Partition's Unfinished Agenda: The Kashmir Imbroglio 516 A Brief Retrospect 518 Spread of Militancy 523 Intensification of Secessionism 532 The Pakistan Connection 536 The Autonomy Issue 540 Kashmiri Islamic Tradition Under Stress 548 Human Rights Issues 550 Where Do We Go from Here 554 Elections 2002 557 14 Reforming the Police 562 A Compromised Police 562 Politics and Internal Security 564 The Benchmarks 565 Police and Criminal Justice 568 National Police Commission 1978-81 574 Principal Recommendations 578 Reform Process 582 Civilian Oversight Over the Police 585 Police Unrest 590 How South Africa Reformed its Police 593 Summing Up 596 Bibliography 601 Index 605
Foreword 11 Preface 15 1 Setting the Agenda: Postulates, Definitions, Correlations 21 The Police Role 22 Police and Society 24 Police and the State 26 Two Types of Police 29 Police and the Indian Subcontinent 31 Defenders of the Establishment 34 Indian Police Act 1861 40 Police and the Media 45 2 Coping with Independence 51 Colonial Hangover 52 Adjusting to the New Order 54 Political Expediency and Law enforcement 57 All India Services – The Indian Police Service 60 IAS and IPS – An Uneasy Relationship 67 Enfeeblement of the Civil Service 69 Politicization 72 Post-Independence Strains 78 Special Commitments 81 Protecting Democratic Process 85 Police and Criminal Justice 86 3 The Political Environment 91 An Aberrant Democracy 92 Corruption High Places 99 Ministerial Perks 104 The New Mughals 107 Corruption and Criminality 114 Criminalization of Politics 117 4 State Police I 130 Growing Numbers, Swelling Budgets 130 Recruitment Policies 136 Special Branches 139 VIP Security 143 Criminal Investigation Department 147 Complaints Against Police 151 Brutality and Custodial Violence 153 Corruption and Criminality 157 Police and Weaker Sections 163 Gang Dacoity – Encounters and Surrenders 168 5 State Police II 185 Caste Militias 185 Expanding Span of Criminality 191 Frequent Agitations and Disorder 200 White-Collar Crime 203 Cyber Crime 206 6 State Police III209 Judicial Activism and Delays 209 Military Aid to Civil Authorities 220 Mrs. Gandhi's Emergency 226 Stray Experiments in Seeking Community Support 237 7 Central Police Organization I 249 Assam Rifles 253 Central Reserve Police Force 255 Border Security Force 262 Railway Protection Force 267 Indo-Tibetan Border Police 269 Central Industrial Security Force 272 National Security Guards 273 Bureau of Civil Aviation Security 277 8 Central Police Organization II National Security and Intelligence 286 Intelligence and Governance 293 Intelligence Bureau 299 Special Protection Group 314 Central Bureau Investigation 317 9 Training and Development 327 Training Process and Design 330 UNDP Project on Police Design 338 Current Training Scenario: An Evaluation 341 Committee on Police Training 349 Bureau of Police Research and Development 352 National Police Academy 355 State Police Training Institutions 369 Modernization 372 10 Sectarian Conflicts 376 Hindu-Muslim Divide 377 Hindu view of Muslims 379 Muslim view of Muslims 380 Hindu view of Hindus 381 Muslim view of Hindus 381 Communal Riots 383 Sectarian Divides and Terrorism 391 Communal Violence and Civil Society 394 More on Hindu-Muslim Riots 397 Ayodhya 1992 – Mumbai 1992-3 402 Coimbatore – 1997-8 413 Gujarat Carnage 415 Targeting Christians 419 Rewriting History 421 11 Socio-political Violence 427 An Unjust Social Order 428 Left Extremism (Naxalism) 433 Separatist Violence 440 The North-East 445 Assam 446 Nagaland 449 Mizoram and Tripura 452 Meitei Extremism (Manipur) 454 The North-West 455 Terrorism and Insurgency 456 An Alternative Approach 462 12 Panjab: 1983-92: Destabilization of a Mainstream State 466 The Logic of Militancy 467 The Rise of Bhindranwale and Operation Blue Star 473 Post-Bhindranwale Phase 478 Sikh Killings of 1984 482 Rajiv-Longowal Accord and the Assassination of Longowal 483 Two Phases of Militancy 487 Operations Black Thunder 499 The Beginning of the End 506 Post-Militancy Trends 512 13 Partition's Unfinished Agenda: The Kashmir Imbroglio 516 A Brief Retrospect 518 Spread of Militancy 523 Intensification of Secessionism 532 The Pakistan Connection 536 The Autonomy Issue 540 Kashmiri Islamic Tradition Under Stress 548 Human Rights Issues 550 Where Do We Go from Here 554 Elections 2002 557 14 Reforming the Police 562 A Compromised Police 562 Politics and Internal Security 564 The Benchmarks 565 Police and Criminal Justice 568 National Police Commission 1978-81 574 Principal Recommendations 578 Reform Process 582 Civilian Oversight Over the Police 585 Police Unrest 590 How South Africa Reformed its Police 593 Summing Up 596 Bibliography 601 Index 605
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