The book is essential for anyone seeking a deep understanding of porous membranes, as it offers valuable insights into manufacturing methods, innovative applications, and strategies for optimizing membrane design to meet critical project demands across various fields. Porous Membranes: Breakthroughs in Manufacturing and Applications is a comprehensive guide to discovering the world of porous membranes and their applications. This volume gives a global perspective of basic concepts, featuring manufacturing approaches and potential applications where control of pore size and shape, and…mehr
The book is essential for anyone seeking a deep understanding of porous membranes, as it offers valuable insights into manufacturing methods, innovative applications, and strategies for optimizing membrane design to meet critical project demands across various fields. Porous Membranes: Breakthroughs in Manufacturing and Applications is a comprehensive guide to discovering the world of porous membranes and their applications. This volume gives a global perspective of basic concepts, featuring manufacturing approaches and potential applications where control of pore size and shape, and distribution can be decisive for the success of a membrane process. In-depth explanations elaborate on the key role assigned to a membrane's pores in directing events that are crucial for the mandatory targets imposed by a project's requirements. Further, discussions on how to manage and characterize materials from a molecular to macro scale to achieve highly defined architecture to enable high-performing separations are explored. Advances and innovation are central themes, providing useful solutions to current critical aspects and existing bottlenecks in the control of structural and chemical features of targeted membranes. This cross-disciplinary discussion opens new routes for membrane science in expanding fields, including water management, environmental remediation, recovery of targeted compounds, food, and health. Readers will find this book: * Introduces the strict relationship between extensively ordered porous membranes and enhanced productivity; * Explores new approaches based on new membrane pore concepts; * Emphasizes the feasibility and reliability of the proposed techniques within the context of a potential scale-up, analyzing critical issues and traits; * Focuses on the role of porous membranes in some strategic membrane operations, providing clear evidence about the fundamental role of structure-separation properties for the success of membrane processes dedicated to natural resource management. Audience Researchers in chemistry, biology, biomedicine, materials science, textiles, and electronics who are involved with membranes and materials; technologists and product managers from industry, including those responsible for research and development, building prototypes and commercial devices, will find this book to be especially valuable.
Annarosa Gugliuzza, PhD is a senior researcher at the National Research Council of Italy. She has edited three books and authored and coauthored over 215 scientific publications, including articles, editorials, book chapters, technical reports, and one patent. She is also active in supervision and mentoring activities and serves as an editor and guest editor for several journals and special issues. Her research interests include membranes, nanofilms, coatings, and smart textiles. Wanqin Jin, PhD is a Professor of Chemical Engineering at Nanjing Tech University, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, Deputy Director of the State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, and the Chief Scientist of the National Basic Research Program of China and a major program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. He has published over 300 refereed journal publications and two monographs, contributed six book chapters, and has 40 authorized patents. His current research focuses on the development of membrane materials and processes.
Inhaltsangabe
Preface xiii Acknowledgements xvii Part I: Basic Concepts on Porous Membranes 1 1 Porous Membranes: A Brief Introduction to Basics Concepts and Fields of Applications 3 Annarosa Gugliuzza 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Overview on Pore Size Concept and Transport Mechanisms 6 1.2.1 Poiseuille Flow 6 1.2.2 Knudsen Diffusion 7 1.2.3 Selective Surface Diffusion 8 1.2.4 Molecular Sieving 8 1.2.5 Solution-Diffusion Transport 9 1.2.6 Mixed Transport Mechanisms 11 1.2.7 Active and Assisted Transport 12 1.3 Porous Membranes for Membrane Processes 13 1.3.1 Microfiltration Membranes 14 1.3.2 Ultrafiltration Membranes 15 1.3.3 Nanofiltration Membranes 16 1.3.4 Reverse Osmosis Membranes 17 1.3.5 Membrane Contactors Processes 18 1.3.6 Gas Separation and Pervaporation Membranes 19 Conclusions 21 Acknowledgment 21 References 22 2 Approaches to Characterize Pores in Membranes 27 Amalia Gordano 2.1 Introduction to Porous Membranes 27 2.2 Porosity 30 2.3 Methods to Estimate Porosity 34 2.3.1 Methods of Capillary Balance 35 2.3.2 Method of Permeation of Solutes 35 2.3.3 Method of Bubble Pressure 36 2.3.4 Method of Liquid-Liquid Porosimetry 37 2.3.5 Method of Permeability 38 2.3.6 Method of Gas Adsorption/Desorption 38 2.3.7 Method of Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry 39 2.3.8 Method of Thermometry 40 2.3.9 Method of Perporometry 40 2.3.10 Method of Positron Annihilation Duration Spectroscopy 41 2.3.11 Methods of Scatter Radiation 41 2.4 Microscopy Techniques 41 2.5 Conclusions 43 References 44 Part II: Sustainable Fabrication of High-Defined and Dynamic Membrane Pores 47 3 Smart Porous Membranes with Gating Pores for Responsive Separations 49 Zhuang Liu and Liang-Yin Chu 3.1 Introduction 49 3.2 Fabrication Approaches of Smart Membranes with Gating Pores 51 3.2.1 "Grafting From" Method 52 3.2.2 "Grafting To" Method 54 3.2.3 "Blending" Method 55 3.3 Stimuli-Responsive Separations 57 3.3.1 Smart Pores for Size Separations 57 3.3.2 Smart Pores for Affinity Separation 58 3.3.2.1 Hydrophobic Adsorption 58 3.3.2.2 Chiral Resolution 60 3.3.3.3 Removal of Heavy Metal Ions 63 3.4 Summary and Outlook 66 References 67 4 Development of Anion Exchange Membranes via Click Chemistry 73 Binoy Maiti, Alex Abramov and David Díaz Díaz Abbreviations 73 4.1 Introduction 74 4.2 Poly(2,6-Dimethyl Phenylene Oxide) (PPO)-Based Anion Exchange Membranes 75 4.3 Polysulfone-Based Exchange Membranes 86 4.4 Polystyrene-Based Anion Exchange Membranes 88 4.5 Poly(ionic Liquid)s-Based Anion Exchange Membrane 92 4.6 Conclusion 93 Acknowledgment 93 References 93 5 Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Porous Membrane Formation: Mechanisms and Applications 97 Lucia Baldino and Stefano Cardea 5.1 Introduction 97 5.2 Membranes Morphological Characteristics 98 5.3 Brief Overview on Traditional Membranes Formation Mechanisms and Applications 100 5.4 Supercritical Phase Separation 102 5.5 Main Application Fields of Membranes Produced by Supercritical Phase Separation 105 5.6 Conclusions 107 References 107 6 Advanced Fabrication of Porous Membranes for Membrane Contactors Processes 111 M. Frappa, F. Macedonio, E. Drioli and A. Gugliuzza Nomenclature 112 Greek symbols 112 Subscript 112 6.1 Introduction 113 6.2 Membrane Contactors Technology: An Overview 114 6.2.1 Membrane Distillation 116 6.2.2 Osmotic Distillation 120 6.2.3 Membrane Crystallization 122 6.2.4 Membrane Emulsification 124 6.2.5 Gas-Liquid Membrane Contactors 126 6.2.6 Membrane Condenser 131 6.3 Membrane Morphology and Wetting Properties Relationships 135 6.3.1 Pore Size and Distribution 135 6.3.2 Surface Contact Angle 137 6.4 Green Materials for More Sustainable Membrane Fabrication 138 6.5 Manufacturing Procedures for Porous Membrane Fabrication 140 6.5.1 Phase Separation 140 6.5.1.1 Non-Solvent Induced Phase Separation (nips) 140 6.5.1.2 Vapor Induced Phase Separation (VIPS) 142 6.5.1.3 Thermally-Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) 144 6.5.2 Phase Separation and Micromolding 145 6.5.3 Water Droplets Self-Assembly 146 6.5.4 Self-Assembly of Block Copolymers 149 6.5.5 Electrospinning 150 6.5.6 Track Etching 152 6.5.7 3D Printed Membranes 153 6.6 Compelling Case Studies for Water Desalination 155 6.7 Conclusions 156 References 157 Part III: Recent Advances in Membrane Separations Based on Porous Materials 173 7 Biotech Porous Membranes 175 Qian Wang and Zhaoliang Cui 7.1 Introduction to MBR 175 7.1.1 What is an MBR? 175 7.1.2 MBR Features 177 7.1.3 Classification of MBR 179 7.2 Membrane Materials for MBR 181 7.2.1 Pvdf 182 7.2.2 Pp 186 7.2.3 Ptfe 188 7.2.4 Ca 191 7.3 Commercial-Scale MBR 192 7.3.1 MBR Commercial Development Process 192 7.3.2 Commercial MBR Technology 194 7.3.2.1 Immersion FS Technology 194 7.3.2.2 Immersion HF Technology 196 7.3.2.3 External MBR Technology 201 7.3.2.4 MABR Technology 202 References 204 8 Porous Imprinted Membranes for Recovering Targeted Compounds and Environmental Remediation 207 Laura Donato 8.1 Introduction 208 8.2 Fundamentals of Molecularly Imprinted Membranes 210 8.3 Separation Mechanisms and Assessment of Selective Properties of MIMs 216 8.4 Application of Porous Molecularly Imprinted Membranes 220 8.4.1 Porous Molecularly Imprinted Membranes in Food Science 220 8.4.1.1 Selective Separation of Bioactive Compounds 221 8.4.1.2 Food Safety 229 8.4.2 Water Remediation 233 8.4.2.1 Removal of Pharmaceuticals 234 8.4.2.2 Removal of Pesticides and Other Recalcitrant Contaminants 240 8.5 Ion Imprinted Membranes and Removal of Ions 247 8.6 Future and Perspectives 258 References 259 9 Few-Layer Materials in Porous Membranes for Advanced Water Desalination 275 M. Frappa, G. Di Luca, E. Drioli and A. Gugliuzza 9.1 Introduction 276 9.2 Environmental Issues: Pollutant Source and Useful Membrane Strategies 278 9.3 Water Desalination: From Traditional to Advanced Membrane Operations 280 9.4 2D Materials for Next Generation Water Desalination 284 9.5 Techniques of Exfoliation 285 9.5.1 Electrochemical Exfoliation 285 9.5.2 Micromechanical Cleavage 286 9.5.3 Ball Milling 286 9.5.4 Ultrasonication 286 9.5.5 Shear Exfoliation 287 9.5.6 Wet Jet Milling 287 9.6 Few-Layers 2D Materials-Based Membranes and Water Treatment 287 9.7 A Focus on Graphene-Based Membranes for Water Desalination 290 9.7.1 Defective Graphene Confined in Polymeric Porous Membranes 290 9.7.2 Graphene Membranes to Membrane Distillation Processes 293 9.8 Few-Layered Graphene Nanochannels Like Ion Filtering 297 9.9 Chalcogenides in Porous Confined Membranes for Water Desalination 299 9.10 Water Desalination and Few-Layer Materials Within the Circular Economy Framework 302 Acknowledgments 304 References 304 10 Sub-Nanometer Channels in Two-Dimensional-Material Membranes for Gas Separation 313 Song Liu, Long Cheng, Gongping Liu and Wanqin Jin 10.1 Introduction 314 10.2 Three Main Types of Membrane Structures 315 10.2.1 Porous Monolayer Graphene Membrane 315 10.2.2 Laminar Membranes 317 10.2.3 Nanosheet-Based Mixed-Matrix Membranes 320 10.3 Other Two-Dimensional Material Membranes 322 10.4 Applications for Gas Separation 325 10.4.1 Hydrogen Purification 325 10.4.2 Co2 Capture 327 10.4.3 More Challenging Gas Mixtures 329 10.5 Conclusions and Perspectives 331 References 333 Index 337
