Martin Murray

SAP MM-Functionality and Technical Configuration

Extend your SAP MM skills with this functionality and configuration guide

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

The MM module interfaces with all other modules in SAP and is a core solution for any company with a logistics or supply-chain function. This book is a one-stop resource for anyone wanting to learn more about SAP MM, as well as a high-level resource for SAP practitioners wanting to understand how SAP MM works with their own areas of expertise. It further informs readers about the breadth of the MM module and how it can be used.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Galileo Press
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781592290727
• ISBN-10: 1592290728
• Artikelnr.: 20821294

Autorenporträt

Martin Murray, the author of the SAP PRESS book SAP MM: Functionality and Technical Configuration, has worked with SAP for about 15 years He is a consultant with IBM and lives with his wife in San Diego, CA.

Inhaltsangabe

1 Materials Management Overview... 19
1.1 Materials Management as a Part of SAP 19
1.1.1 SAP History 19
1.1.2 Core SAP Functionality . 20
1.2 Materials Management as Part of Logistics . 20
1.2.1 Definition of Logistics and Supply Chain 20
1.2.2 Management of the Supply Chain 21
1.2.3 SAP and Logistics . 21
1.3 MM Integration with Other Modules 22
1.3.1 The Material Flow of the Supply Chain 22
1.3.2 The Information Flow of the Supply Chain 23
1.3.3 The Financial Flow of the Supply Chain 24
2 MM Organizational Structure... 27
2.1 Client Structure 27
2.1.1 What is a Client? 27
2.1.2 Creating the Client Landscape 28
2.1.3 Defining a Client 29
2.1.4 Correction and Transport System (CTS) . 29
2.2 Company Code 30
2.2.1 What is a Company? 30
2.2.2 Creating a Company Code 31
2.2.3 Assigning a Company Code 31
2.3 Plants 32
2.3.1 What is a Plant? 32
2.3.2 Prerequisites for a Plant 32
2.3.3 Defining a Plant ...32
2.3.4 Valuation Level 34
2.3.5 Assigning a Plant 34
2.4 Storage Locations 35
2.4.1 What is a Storage Location? 35
2.4.2 Defining a Storage Location 35
2.4.3 Automatic Creation of Storage Locations 37
2.5 Warehouse and Storage Types 38
2.5.1 Assign a Warehouse to Plant and Storage Location 39
2.5.2 Storage Type 40
2.5.3 Storage Sections and Storage Bins 40
2.6 Purchasing Organization 41
2.6.1 What is a Purchasing Organization? ...41
2.6.2 Types of Purchasing Organizations 41
2.6.3 Create a Purchasing Organization 42
2.6.4 Purchasing Groups 43
3 Master Data in MM... 45
3.1 Material Master 45
3.1.1 Material Master Overview 45
3.1.2 Material Master Tables 45
3.1.3 Material Numbering 46
3.1.4 Material Number Range 48
3.1.5 Material Type . 48
3.2 Vendor Master 50
3.2.1 Definition of a Vendor 50
3.2.2 Vendor Master in SAP 50
3.2.3 Vendor Account Groups 51
3.2.4 Vendor Number Range 54
3.3 Purchasing Information Data 56
3.3.1 Purchasing Information Record . 56
3.3.2 Purchasing Information Record for a Non-Stock Material 56
3.3.3 Purchasing Information Record Numbering 56
3.3.4 Purchasing Information Record-Screen Layout 57
3.4 Batch Management Data .59
3.4.1 What is a Batch? 59
3.4.2 Batch Level 59
3.4.3 Changing the Batch Level 60
3.4.4 Batch-Status Management 60
3.4.5 Initial Batch Status 61
3.4.6 Batch-Number Assignment 61
3.5 Serial Number Data 62
3.5.1 What is a Serial Number? 62
3.5.2 Serial Number Profile . 62
3.5.3 Serializing Procedures...63
4 Material Master Data... 65
4.1 Industry Sector 65
4.2 Material Type . 66
4.2.1 Standard Material Types...66
4.2.2 Configuring Material Types . 69
4.2.3 Changing a Material Type . 71
4.3 Basic Data . 72
4.3.1 Creating a Material Master Record—Immediately 72
4.3.2 Creating a Material Master Record—Schedule . 73
4.3.3 Creating a Material Master Record—Special . 73
4.3.4 Organizational Levels .74
4.3.5 Basic Data Screen . 76
4.4 Classification Data 81
4.4.1 Class Type 82
4.4.2 Classes 83
4.4.3 Characteristics . 83
4.5 Purchasing Data . 83
4.5.1 General Data 84
4.5.2 Purchasing Value Key . 85
4.5.3 Other Data...88
4.5.4 Foreign Trade Data . 89
4.5.5 Origin of Material 90
4.5.6 Preferences . 90
4.5.7 Legal Control . 91
4.5.8 Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) 91
4.5.9 Manufacturer Parts . 91
4.6 Forecasting Data . 92
4.6.1 General Forecast Data 93
4.6.2 Number of Periods Required 94
4.6.3 Control Data . 94
4.7 Work Scheduling Data 96
4.7.1 General Data 97
4.7.2 Tolerance Data . 98
4.7.3 Lot-Size Dependent In-House Production Time 98
4.7.4 Lot-Size Independent In-House Production Time 99
4.8 Sales Organizational Data .99
4.8.1 General Data 100
4.8.2 Grouping Items 101
4.8.3 Tax Data 102
4.8.4 Quantity Stipulations 102
4.8.5 Material Groups 104
4.8.6 Product Attributes 104
4.9 Sales General Data 104
4.9.1 General Data 105
4.9.2 Shipping Data 105
4.9.3 General Plant Parameters 106
4.10 Production Resources and Tools Data 107
4.10.1 General Data 107
4.10.2 Default Values for Task List Assignment 108
4.11 General Plant Data 109
4.11.1 General Data 109
4.11.2 Shelf-Life Data 112
4.12 Warehouse Management Data 113
4.12.1 General Data 114
4.12.2 Palletization Data 115
4.12.3 Storage Strategies 115
4.12.4 Storage Bin Stock .117
4.13 Quality Management Data 118
4.13.1 General Data 119
4.13.2 Procurement Data 120
4.14 Material Requirements Planning Data 121
4.14.1 Forecast Requirements .121
4.14.2 Planning 122
4.14.3 Availability Check 123
4.14.4 Bill of Materials Explosion 123
4.14.5 Discontinued Parts .124
4.14.6 Repetitive Manufacturing/Assembly 125
4.14.7 General Data 127
4.14.8 MRP Procedure 128
4.14.9 Lot Size Data 129
4.14.10 Procurement 130
4.14.11 Net Requirements Calculations .31
4.14.12 Deployment Strategy .132
4.15 Accounting Data 133
4.15.1 General Data 133
4.15.2 Current Valuation 134
4.15.3 Determination of Lowest Price ... 135
4.15.4 LIFO Data 135
4.16 Costing Data 136
4.16.1 General Data 137
4.16.2 Quantity Structure Data 137
5 Vendor Master Data...139
5.1 General Data 139
5.1.1 Address Screen 140
5.1.2 Control Screen 142
5.1.3 Payment Transactions 145
5.2 Accounting Information 148
5.2.1 Accounting Information 148
5.2.2 Payment Transactions 152
5.2.3 Correspondence Screen 155
5.3 Purchasing Data ...157
5.3.1 Purchasing Data Screen 158
5.3.2 Partner Functions 161
6 Purchasing Information Data... 163
6.1 Purchasing General Data 163
6.1.1 Create a Purchasing Information Record .. 163
6.1.2 Create a Purchasing Information Record with Material Number 164
6.1.3 Create a Purchasing Information Record without a Material Number 165
6.1.4 General Data Screen 165
6.2 Purchasing Organization Data 167
6.2.1 Conditions...168
6.2.2 Text Screen 171
6.2.3 Statistical Data 173
7 Batch Management Data... 175
7.1 Batch Management Overview 175
7.1.1 Batch Definition 175
7.1.2 Pharmaceutical Industry .176
7.2 Batch Master Record 177
7.2.1 Creating a Batch 177
7.2.2 Changing a Batch 183
7.2.3 Deleting a Batch 184
7.3 Batch Determination 184
7.3.1 Batch Determination Condition Tables 185
7.3.2 Batch Determination Access Sequences . 185
7.3.3 Batch Strategy Types . 185
7.3.4 Batch Search Procedure . 187
7.4 Batch Information Cockpit 188
7.4.1 Batch Information Cockpit Overview 188
7.4.2 Batch Information Cockpit Standard Configuration 189
7.4.3 Batch Information Cockpit User-Defined Configuration 191
8 Material Master Record... 193
8.1 Creating a Material Master Record..193
8.1.1 Create a Material Master Record through a Schedule 193
8.2 Changing a Material Master Record 195
8.2.1 Change a Material Master Record—Immediately 195
8.2.2 Change a Material Master Record—Schedule 197
8.2.3 Change a Material Master Record—Activate 197
8.3 Material Master Deletion 199
8.3.1 Flag for Deletion—Immediately 199
8.3.2 Flag for Deletion—Schedule 200
8.3.3 Flag for Deletion—Proposal List . 200
8.3.4 Material Master Archiving 201
8.3.5 Remove a Material-Deletion Flag 202
8.4 Loading Material Master Records . 202
8.4.1 Loading Material Master Records via Direct Input . 202
8.4.2 Distribution of Material Master Records via ALE 203
8.5 Production Versions .204
8.5.1 Production Version Overview 204
8.5.2 Creating a Production Version 204
8.5.3 Production Versions—Mass Processing 206
8.6 Revision Levels . 207
8.6.1 Revision Level Overview 207
8.6.2 Revision Level Configuration . 208
9 Vendor Master Record... 209
9.1 Creating Vendor Master Record 209
9.2 Changing Vendor Master Record 212
9.2.1 Change Vendor Master Record—Current 212
9.2.2 Change Vendor Master Record—Planned 213
9.2.3 Display Planned Changes to Vendor Master Records 214
9.2.4 Activate Planned Changes 214
9.2.5 Change Vendor Account Group 215
9.3 Deleting Vendor Master Record 216
9.3.1 Flag a Vendor Master Record for Deletion . 216
9.3.2 Deleting Vendor Records via Archiving 217
9.4 Display Vendor Master Record 217
9.4.1 Display Vendor Master Record—Current 217
9.4.2 Display Vendor Master Record—Per Key Date 217
9.4.3 Display Vendors—Purchasing List 218
9.5 Blocking Vendors 219
9.5.1 Block a Vendor—Purchasing 219
9.6 One Time Vendor . 220
9.7 Vendor Sub-Range Functionality 221
10 Purchasing Overview... 223
10.1 Purchase Requisition 223
10.2 Request for Quotation 224
10.3 Quotation . 226
10.4 Purchase Order 227
10.5 Source List and Source Determination 228
10.5.1 Single Source 228
10.5.2 Multi-Source 229
10.5.3 Generate a Source List 231
10.5.4 Source Determination 232
10.6 Conditions in Purchasing . #
10.6.1 Condition Processing #
10.6.2 Pricing Conditions 234
10.6.3 Taxes 235
10.6.4 Delivery Costs 235
10.7 Vendor Evaluation 235
10.7.1 Vendor Evaluation Overview 236
10.7.2 Vendor Evaluation Criteria 237
10.7.3 Vendor Evaluation Weighting 238
10.7.4 Points Scoring for Criteria 239
10.7.5 Maintain Vendor Evaluation 240
10.7.6 Scoring for Automatic and Semi-Automatic Criteria 241
10.7.7 Evaluation for a Material 242
11 Purchase Requisition... 245
11.1 Indirectly Created Requisition 245
11.1.1 Purchase Requisition Created by Production Order 245
11.1.2 Purchase Requisition Created by Plant Maintenance Order 245
11.1.3 Purchase Requisition Created by Project Systems 246
11.1.4 Purchase Requisition Created by Materials Planning 246
11.2 Directly Created Requisition .246
11.2.1 Create a Purchase Requisition with a Material Master Record 247
11.2.2 Create a Purchase Requisition without a Material Master Record 252
11.3 Processing a Purchase Requisition 253
11.3.1 Change a Purchase Requisition 253
11.3.2 Display a Purchase Requisition . 253
11.3.3 Close a Purchase Requisition 255
11.3.4 Follow-on Functions 255
12 Request for Quotation... 257
12.1 Creating a Request for Quotation 257
12.1.1 RFQ Type 258
12.1.2 RFQ Date 259
12.1.3 Quotation Deadline 259
12.1.4 RFQ Document Number 259
12.1.5 Organizational Data 259
12.1.6 Default Data for Items . 259
12.1.7 Collective Number 260
12.1.8 Validity Start/Validity End . 261
12.1.9 Application By 261
12.1.10 Binding Period 261
12.1.11 Reference Data ....261
12.1.12 RFQ Item Detail 262
12.1.13 RFQ Delivery Schedule 262
12.1.14 Additional Data 263
12.1.15 Vendor Selection . 264
12.2 Changing a Request for Quotation ... 265
12.3 Releasing an RFQ 267
12.3.1 Release Code/Release Group/Release Strategy . 268
12.3.2 Set Release/Cancel Release 268
12.3.3 Release Prerequisite Fulfilled 268
12.3.4 List With items 268
12.3.5 Scope of List 268
12.3.6 Purchasing Document Category 269
12.3.7 Other Selection Criteria 269
12.4 Issuing a Request for Quotation to a Vendor 269
13 Quotation... 271
13.1 Entering a Quotation 271
13.2 Comparing Quotations .. 272
13.2.1 Price Comparison Factor in Quotations 273
13.2.2 Other Qualitative Factors in Quotations 275
13.3 Rejecting Quotations 276
13.3.1 Flagging the Quotation as Rejected 276
13.3.2 Printing the Quotation Rejection 277
13.3.3 Advising Unsuccessful Bidders 277
14 Purchase Order... 279
14.1 Create a Purchase Order 279
14.1.1 Create a Purchase Order with Vendor Known. 279
14.1.2 Create a Purchase Order Where Vendor is Unknown .. 281
14.2 Maintaining a Purchase Order 282
14.3 Blocking and Canceling a Purchase Order 283
14.3.1 Block a Purchase Order Line Item 283
14.3.2 Canceling a Purchase Order Line Item .. 283
14.4 Account Assignment in a Purchase Order .. 284
14.4.1 Account Assignment Overview 284
14.4.2 Account Assignment Categories ... 284
14.4.3 Single Account Assignment 286
14.4.4 Multiple Account Assignment 287
14.5 Outline Purchase Agreement pause 288
14.5.1 Outline Purchase Agreement Overview ...288
14.5.2 Outline Purchase Agreement Types 288
14.6 Scheduling Agreement .289
14.6.1 Scheduling Agreement Overview . 289
14.6.2 Create a Scheduling Agreement Manually 289
14.6.3 Create a Scheduling Agreement with Reference ... 291
14.7 Contracts . 292
14.7.1 Contract Overview . 292
14.7.2 Centrally Agreed Contract . 293
14.7.3 Creating a Contract 293
14.7.4 Release Order Against a Contract 295
14.8 Vendor Confirmation 296
14.8.1 Vendor Confirmation Overview 296
14.8.2 Confirmation Configuration 297
14.8.3 Enter a Manual Confirmation . 298
14.9 Messages and Outputs 299
14.9.1 Message Overview 299
14.9.2 Message Creation 300
14.9.3 Message Output Definition .300
14.9.4 Output Messages 301
14.10 Reporting . 302
14.10.1 Reporting Overview 302
14.11 Release Procedures 302
14.11.1 Introduction to Release Procedures 302
14.11.2 Release with Classification for a Purchase Requisition 303
15 External Services Management (ESM)... 305
15.1 Service Master Record 305
15.1.1 Service Number 305
15.1.2 Service Category .305
15.1.3 Material/Service Group . 307
15.1.4 Tax Indicator 307
15.1.5 Valuation Class 307
15.1.6 Formula .307
15.1.7 Graphic .308
15.2 Standard Service Catalog (SSC) 309
15.2.1 Overview 309
15.2.2 Creating a SSC Entry 309
15.3 Conditions in ESM 310
15.3.1 Total Price Condition 311
15.4 Procurement of Services ... 312
15.4.1 Using a Purchase Order 312
15.5 Entry of Services 314
15.5.1 Service Entry Sheet 314
15.6 Blanket Purchase Order ...316
15.6.1 Creating a Blanket Purchase Order 316
16 Consumption-Based Planning... 319
16.1 Master Data in CBP 319
16.1.1 Material Master Record 319
16.1.2 Planning Calendar 320
16.2 Planning Process 322
16.2.1 Planning at the Plant Level 322
16.2.2 Planning at the Storage Location Level 322
16.3 Planning Evaluation 324
16.3.1 MRP List 324
16.3.2 Stock/Requirements List 325
16.4 Procurement Proposal 326
16.4.1 Purchase Requisitions 326
16.4.2 Schedule Lines 327
16.4.3 Planned Orders 327
17 Material Requirements Planning... 329
17.1 Reorder Point Planning 329
17.1.1 Manual Reorder Point Planning 329
17.1.2 Automatic Reorder Point Planning 330
17.2 Forecast-Based Planning 331
17.3 Time-Phased Planning 332
18 Forecasting... 335
18.1 Forecast Models 335
18.1.1 Constant Model 336
18.1.2 Trend Model 336
18.1.3 Seasonal Model 336
18.1.4 Seasonal Trend Model 336
18.2 Forecast Parameters 337
18.2.1 Create Forecast Profile 337
18.3 Forecast Options 340
18.3.1 Manual Forecast Model Selection 341
18.3.2 Automatic Forecast Model Selection .. 341
19 Inventory Management Overview... 343
19.1 Goods Movements 344
19.1.1 Material Document 344
19.1.2 Movement Types 345
19.2 Goods Issue 347
19.3 Goods Receipt 347
19.4 Physical Inventory 347
19.5 Returns 348
19.5.1 Introduction to Returns 348
19.5.2 Creating a Return 348
19.5.3 Configuring Reason for Movement ... 349
19.5.4 Material Documents 351
19.6 Reservations 353
19.6.1 Introduction to Reservations 353
19.6.2 Creating a Manual Reservation 353
19.6.3 MRP and Reservations 355
19.6.4 Reservations Management Program 356
19.7 Stock Transfers 358
19.7.1 Stock Transfer and Transfer Posting 358
19.7.2 Transfer Between Storage Locations .359
19.7.3 Transfer Between Plants 361
19.7.4 Transfer between Company Codes 362
20 Goods Issue... 363
20.1 Goods Issue to a Production Order 363
20.1.1 Planned Goods Issue 363
20.1.2 Unplanned Goods Issue 365
20.1.3 Backflushing 366
20.2 Goods Issue to Scrap 367
20.3 Goods Issue for Sampling 368
20.4 Goods Issue Posting 369
20.4.1 Material Document 369
20.4.2 Accounting Document 369
20.4.3 Goods Issue Slip 369
20.4.4 Stock Changes 370
20.4.5 General Ledger Account Changes 371
20.5 Goods Issue Reversal 371
20.5.1 Goods Issue Reversal with Reference to a Material Document 371
20.5.2 Goods Issue Reversal with Reference to a Reservation 372
21 Goods Receipt.. 375
21.1 Goods Receipt for a Purchase Order . 375
21.1.1 Goods Receipt Where Purchase Order Number is Known 375
21.1.2 Goods Receipt Where Purchase Order Number is Unknown 377
21.1.3 Goods Receipt Posting 378
21.2 Goods Receipt for a Production Order . 379
21.3 Initial Entry of Inventory 381
21.4 Other Goods Receipts 382
21.4.1 Goods Receipt Without a Production Order 382
21.4.2 Goods Receipt of By-products 383
21.4.3 Goods Receipt for Free Goods 384
22 Physical Inventory... 385
22.1 Physical Inventory Preparation 385
22.1.1 Preparations for a Physical Inventory Count 386
22.1.2 Creating the Physical Inventory Count Document 386
22.1.3 Printing the Physical Inventory Count Documents ... 388
22.2 Counting and Recounts 389
22.2.1 Entering the Count 389
22.2.2 Difference List 390
22.2.3 Missing Material 391
22.2.4 Recounts 391
22.3 Physical Inventory Posting 392
22.3.1 Posting the Count Document ... 392
22.3.2 Posting a Count Without a Document 393
22.3.3 Accounting of Inventory Differences 395
23 Invoice Verification... 397
23.1 Standard Three-Way Match 397
23.1.1 Entering an Invoice 397
23.1.2 Simulate Posting 399
23.1.3 Invoice Posting 400
23.2 Evaluated Receipt Settlement (ERS) . 400
23.2.1 Benefits of ERS ... 400
23.2.2 Running the Evaluated Receipt Settlement 401
23.3 Document Parking 402
23.3.1 Document Parking Overview 402
23.3.2 Benefits of Document Parking 402
23.3.3 Parking an Invoice 403
23.4 Variances and Blocking Invoices 403
23.4.1 Variances 403
23.4.2 Tolerance Limits ... 404
23.4.3 Blocking Invoices .406
23.4.4 Manual Block 406
23.4.5 Stochastic or Random Block . 407
23.4.6 Block due to Amount of an Invoice Item 409
23.4.7 Block due to Variance of an Invoice Item 410
23.5 Releasing Invoices . 411
23.5.1 Releasing Invoices Automatically 411
24 Balance Sheet Valuation... 413
24.1 LIFO Valuation 413
24.1.1 Configuration for LIFO . 414
24.1.2 Preparation for LIFO . 415
24.1.3 Running a LIFO Valuation..417
24.2 FIFO Valuation 418
24.2.1 Configuration for FIFO 418
24.2.2 Preparation for FIFO 419
24.2.3 Running a FIFO Valuation 419
24.3 Lowest Value Determination 421
24.3.1 Lowest Value Determination Based on Market Prices 421
24.3.2 Lowest Value Determination Based on Range of Coverage 423
24.3.3 Lowest Value Determination Based on Movement Rate 424
25 Material Ledger... 427
25.1 Material Ledger Overview 427
25.1.1 Activating the Material Ledger and Actual Costing 427
25.2 Material Ledger Data 428
25.2.1 Material Master Record .. 428
25.2.2 Data for the Material Ledger 429
25.3 Material Price Determination 430
25.3.1 Material Price Analysis 430
25.3.2 Single-Level Material Price Determination 431
25.3.3 Multi-Level Material Price Determination 432
25.3.4 Transaction-Based Material Price Determination 432
26 Classification System... 435
26.1 Classification Overview 435
26.1.1 What is a Classification System? . 435
26.1.2 Describing an Object 436
26.2 Characteristics ... 436
26.2.1 Create Characteristics ... 436
26.2.2 Configuring Characteristics . 438
26.3 Classes 440
26.3.1 Create Classes ... 440
26.4 Class Type 441
26.4.1 Class Type Overview 441
26.4.2 Configuring a Class Type 442
26.5 Class Hierarchies . 444
26.5.1 Creating a Class Hierarchy 444
26.5.2 Inherited Characteristics 445
26.6 Object Dependencies .. 445
26.6.1 Object Dependency Overview 445
26.6.2 Dependency Creation . 446
26.7 Finding Objects Using Classification . 446
26.7.1 Classifying Materials 446
26.7.2 Classifying Objects 448
26.7.3 Finding Objects 449
27 Document Management... 451
27.1 Document Management Overview 451
27.2 Document Information Record 451
27.2.1 Document Number 451
27.2.2 Document Type 452
27.2.3 Document Part 453
27.2.4 Document Version 453
27.2.5 Document Status 453
27.3 Creating a Document 454
27.3.1 Create a Document . 454
27.4 Linking an Object to a Document .455
27.4.1 Configuration for Linking Documents 455
27.4.2 Linking a Document to a Material Master Record 455
27.4.3 Linking a Document to a Vendor Master Record 456
27.5 Documents and Classification . 457
27.5.1 Using Classification for Documents 457
A Bibliography... 459
B Glossary... 461
C About the Author...467
Index... 469