Drive the future of sustainable mobility with this essential book, which offers a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary guide to the challenges and AI-driven innovations for developing smart, efficient electric vehicle charging solutions. The shift to electric vehicles supports the global commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease reliance on fossil fuels. However, crucial charging infrastructure is a key component for encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles. As a developing country, India is experiencing rapid urbanization, leading to higher vehicle ownership rates. With…mehr
Drive the future of sustainable mobility with this essential book, which offers a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary guide to the challenges and AI-driven innovations for developing smart, efficient electric vehicle charging solutions. The shift to electric vehicles supports the global commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease reliance on fossil fuels. However, crucial charging infrastructure is a key component for encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles. As a developing country, India is experiencing rapid urbanization, leading to higher vehicle ownership rates. With more vehicles on the road, the demand for charging infrastructure is growing, making smart chargers essential to efficiently manage and distribute electricity for electric vehicles. This book offers a comprehensive look at the challenges and innovations for electric vehicle charging solutions to expedite the transition to net-zero emissions. It focuses on the convergence of various technologies, including AI and deep and machine learning for smart charging systems. Through a multi-disciplinary approach and real-world case studies, this book will serve as an essential resource for innovators looking towards the future of green transportation.
A. Chitra, PhD is an Associate Professor in the School of Electrical Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology with more than 20 years of experience. She has published more than 63 papers in reputed journals and conferences, three patents, and three books. Her research areas include neural networks, induction motor drives, reliability analysis of multilevel inverters, and electric vehicles. W. Razia Sultana, PhD is an Associate Professor in the School of Electrical Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology. She has published many papers in reputed journals. Her research interests include model predictive control of power converters, design and control of multilevel inverters, and control of power converters for electric vehicles. V. Indragandhi, PhD is an Associate Professor in the School of Electrical Engineering at the Vellore Institute of Technology with more than 12 years of experience. She has authored one book, published more than 100 research articles in leading peer-reviewed international journals, and filed three patents. Her research focuses on renewable energy and power electronics.
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Preface xv 1 Towards Sustainable Mobility: An Autonomous Electric Vehicle Charging Station Powered by Multifaceted Renewable Energy Sources 1 K. Kathiravan and P. N. Rajnarayanan 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Description of the Proposed Charging Station 4 1.3 Design and Analysis of the System 5 1.4 System Design Calculations 11 1.5 Result Analysis 15 1.6 Conclusion and Future Outlook 25 2 Innovating EV Charging Infrastructure: A Hybrid Energy Storage System Approach for Solar Powered-Based DC Microgrid 29 Sandeep S. D., Satyajit Mohanty and Shashi Bhushan 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 System Architecture 30 2.3 Power Management System 33 2.4 Results and Discussion 36 2.5 Conclusion 39 3 Design of Intermediate Charging Facilitated Port Configuration of Charging Station with Consideration of Reliability and Cost 41 K. Vaishali and D. Rama Prabha 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Methodology for Estimating the Reliability Probability of Charging Ports 43 3.3 Introduced Pattern Identical and Non-Identical Configuration 46 3.4 Results and Discussions 49 3.5 Conclusion 54 4 AI-Based Smart Charging Infrastructures: Revolutionizing Electric Vehicle Integration 57 V. Bagyaveereswaran, S.L. Arun, M. Manimozhi and B. Jaganatha Pandian 4.1 Introduction 58 4.2 Fundamentals of Smart Charging 59 4.3 Role of AI in Smart Charging 64 4.4 Components of AI-Based Smart Charging Systems 74 4.5 Challenges and Future Directions 83 5 EV Smart Charging Using RES-Challenges 91 Sowmya Ramachandradurai, Joylin Mary J. and D.F. Jingle Jabha 5.1 Introduction 92 5.2 System Description 92 5.3 Results and Discussion 98 5.4 Conclusion 99 6 Green Energy-Based Active Grid Optimization Using Deep Learning for EV Charging Infrastructure 105 D. Shruthi, R. Raja Singh, S. L. Arun and R. Rengaraj 6.1 Introduction 106 6.2 Active Grid and Edge Computing 107 6.3 Modeling of Standalone Hybrid System 109 6.4 Deep Learning and Its Implementation 115 6.5 Micro-Grid and Control Mechanism 123 6.6 Results and Discussion 130 6.7 Conclusion 134 7 Bearing Fault Diagnosis in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Deep Neural Network 137 Geetha G., Shanthini C., Geethanjali P. and Yokkeshwaran K. 7.1 Introduction 138 7.2 Methodology 141 7.3 Results and Discussion 148 7.4 Conclusion 152 8 Enhancing Efficiency in Bidirectional CLLC Resonant Converters: A Hybrid Control Approach 157 Aryan Chaturvedi, M. Rajalakshmi and Razia Sultana W. 8.1 Introduction 158 8.2 Bidirectional CLLC Resonant Converter 159 8.3 Working by Controlling Conversion of Frequency 160 8.4 How the Inductance Factor (k) Affects Voltage Gain (M) 162 8.5 How the Quality Factor (Q) Influences Voltage Gain (M) 163 8.6 Understanding Frequency-Conversion Control 164 8.7 Combining Frequency Conversion and Phase Shifting with a Hybrid Control Strategy 165 8.8 Simulation Results and Discussion 168 8.9 Conclusion 173 9 IoT-Based Smart Charging Systems 175 Tanmay Sharma, Pramatha S. Vasishtha and Razia Sultana W. 9.1 Introduction 176 9.2 Remote Monitoring and Telematics 176 9.3 Infrastructure Connectivity for Charging 177 9.4 Autonomous Driving and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) 178 9.5 Logistics and Fleet Management 178 9.6 Sustainability and Energy Management 179 9.7 Services and User Experience 180 9.8 Algorithms for Shortest Path Finding 180 9.9 Advantages 192 9.10 Conclusion 193 10 Embedded Control of Power Converters in E-Mobility 195 Yeddula Pedda Obulesu and Pallamkuppam Vinodh Kumar 10.1 Introduction 196 10.2 Evolution of Digital Control in Power Converters 199 10.3 Embedded Systems and Digital Control 202 10.4 Tools and Technologies for Digital Control Systems 202 10.5 Implementation of Embedded Digital Control Based on DSPs 203 10.6 Key Components in Embedded Digital Controllers 205 10.7 Signal Generation for Power Converter Devices 207 10.8 Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) 208 10.9 Code Composer Studio and JTAG 212 10.10 Software Development Environment (SDE): Compiler, Linker, Assembler, and Downloader 219 10.11 STM-Based Embedded Controllers 226 10.12 Main Traction Inverter 227 10.13 On-Board Charger 228 10.14 Battery Management System (BMS) 229 11 Solar Piezo Hybrid Power Charging System 231 Vedanth S., Varun Baalaji S., Shairahul Gautam S., Sharan Vikash, Ashwini K. and R. Resmi 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 Methodology 233 11.3 Operating Modes 236 11.4 Result and Discussion 237 11.5 Conclusion 240 12 EV Power Train Performance with DC Motor 243 Nithya Chandran and R. Resmi 12.1 Introduction 243 12.2 Methodology 244 12.3 Results and Discussion 249 12.4 Conclusion 251 13 RC Vehicle for Delivery 255 Vemulapati Dhanunjaya Reddy, Mallireddy Jayanthi Reddy, Manoj Kumar S., R. Resmi and Y. N. V. Ganesh 13.1 Introduction 256 13.2 Literature Review 257 13.3 Methodology 259 13.4 Result and Discussions 262 13.5 Conclusion 263 14 Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Heavy Vehicles 267 Amutha Prabha N., Abhishek Gudipalli, Dyuti Ranjan Acharya, Indragandhi V. and Manee Sangaran Diagarajan 14.1 Introduction 267 14.2 Literature Survey 268 14.3 Methodology 269 14.4 Results and Discussion 273 14.5 Analysis Comparison 277 14.6 Conclusion 279 15 Review of Optimization-Based Sensor Fault Detection for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles 281 Mohana Devi S. and V. Bagyaveereswaran 15.1 Introduction 282 15.2 Gestalt of Battery Sensors 284 15.3 Utilization of Battery Sensors in Electric Vehicles 287 15.4 Optimization in Sensor Fault Detection 293 15.5 Advantages and Category of Metaheuristic Algorithm 297 15.6 Result and Discussion 305 15.7 Conclusion 306 16 Development of a Hybrid Foot¿Stamping Bicycle with Dynamic Electric Support: A Sustainable Alternative to Traditional Pedal and Electric Bicycles 313 Sumant Shyam, Jahnavi Gayatri D., Anushka and Abhishek Gudpalli 16.1 Introduction 314 16.2 Background and Motivation 314 16.3 Study Objectives 322 16.4 Scope of Study 326 16.5 Conclusion 329 17 A Novel Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Switch for Electric Vehicle Applications 337 Vijaya Sambhavi Y. and Vijayapriya R. 17.1 Introduction 337 17.2 Proposed MLI 340 17.3 Control Strategy and Simulation Outcomes 342 17.4 Conclusion 346 References 347 Index 349
Preface xv 1 Towards Sustainable Mobility: An Autonomous Electric Vehicle Charging Station Powered by Multifaceted Renewable Energy Sources 1 K. Kathiravan and P. N. Rajnarayanan 1.1 Introduction 2 1.2 Description of the Proposed Charging Station 4 1.3 Design and Analysis of the System 5 1.4 System Design Calculations 11 1.5 Result Analysis 15 1.6 Conclusion and Future Outlook 25 2 Innovating EV Charging Infrastructure: A Hybrid Energy Storage System Approach for Solar Powered-Based DC Microgrid 29 Sandeep S. D., Satyajit Mohanty and Shashi Bhushan 2.1 Introduction 29 2.2 System Architecture 30 2.3 Power Management System 33 2.4 Results and Discussion 36 2.5 Conclusion 39 3 Design of Intermediate Charging Facilitated Port Configuration of Charging Station with Consideration of Reliability and Cost 41 K. Vaishali and D. Rama Prabha 3.1 Introduction 42 3.2 Methodology for Estimating the Reliability Probability of Charging Ports 43 3.3 Introduced Pattern Identical and Non-Identical Configuration 46 3.4 Results and Discussions 49 3.5 Conclusion 54 4 AI-Based Smart Charging Infrastructures: Revolutionizing Electric Vehicle Integration 57 V. Bagyaveereswaran, S.L. Arun, M. Manimozhi and B. Jaganatha Pandian 4.1 Introduction 58 4.2 Fundamentals of Smart Charging 59 4.3 Role of AI in Smart Charging 64 4.4 Components of AI-Based Smart Charging Systems 74 4.5 Challenges and Future Directions 83 5 EV Smart Charging Using RES-Challenges 91 Sowmya Ramachandradurai, Joylin Mary J. and D.F. Jingle Jabha 5.1 Introduction 92 5.2 System Description 92 5.3 Results and Discussion 98 5.4 Conclusion 99 6 Green Energy-Based Active Grid Optimization Using Deep Learning for EV Charging Infrastructure 105 D. Shruthi, R. Raja Singh, S. L. Arun and R. Rengaraj 6.1 Introduction 106 6.2 Active Grid and Edge Computing 107 6.3 Modeling of Standalone Hybrid System 109 6.4 Deep Learning and Its Implementation 115 6.5 Micro-Grid and Control Mechanism 123 6.6 Results and Discussion 130 6.7 Conclusion 134 7 Bearing Fault Diagnosis in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using Deep Neural Network 137 Geetha G., Shanthini C., Geethanjali P. and Yokkeshwaran K. 7.1 Introduction 138 7.2 Methodology 141 7.3 Results and Discussion 148 7.4 Conclusion 152 8 Enhancing Efficiency in Bidirectional CLLC Resonant Converters: A Hybrid Control Approach 157 Aryan Chaturvedi, M. Rajalakshmi and Razia Sultana W. 8.1 Introduction 158 8.2 Bidirectional CLLC Resonant Converter 159 8.3 Working by Controlling Conversion of Frequency 160 8.4 How the Inductance Factor (k) Affects Voltage Gain (M) 162 8.5 How the Quality Factor (Q) Influences Voltage Gain (M) 163 8.6 Understanding Frequency-Conversion Control 164 8.7 Combining Frequency Conversion and Phase Shifting with a Hybrid Control Strategy 165 8.8 Simulation Results and Discussion 168 8.9 Conclusion 173 9 IoT-Based Smart Charging Systems 175 Tanmay Sharma, Pramatha S. Vasishtha and Razia Sultana W. 9.1 Introduction 176 9.2 Remote Monitoring and Telematics 176 9.3 Infrastructure Connectivity for Charging 177 9.4 Autonomous Driving and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) 178 9.5 Logistics and Fleet Management 178 9.6 Sustainability and Energy Management 179 9.7 Services and User Experience 180 9.8 Algorithms for Shortest Path Finding 180 9.9 Advantages 192 9.10 Conclusion 193 10 Embedded Control of Power Converters in E-Mobility 195 Yeddula Pedda Obulesu and Pallamkuppam Vinodh Kumar 10.1 Introduction 196 10.2 Evolution of Digital Control in Power Converters 199 10.3 Embedded Systems and Digital Control 202 10.4 Tools and Technologies for Digital Control Systems 202 10.5 Implementation of Embedded Digital Control Based on DSPs 203 10.6 Key Components in Embedded Digital Controllers 205 10.7 Signal Generation for Power Converter Devices 207 10.8 Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) 208 10.9 Code Composer Studio and JTAG 212 10.10 Software Development Environment (SDE): Compiler, Linker, Assembler, and Downloader 219 10.11 STM-Based Embedded Controllers 226 10.12 Main Traction Inverter 227 10.13 On-Board Charger 228 10.14 Battery Management System (BMS) 229 11 Solar Piezo Hybrid Power Charging System 231 Vedanth S., Varun Baalaji S., Shairahul Gautam S., Sharan Vikash, Ashwini K. and R. Resmi 11.1 Introduction 231 11.2 Methodology 233 11.3 Operating Modes 236 11.4 Result and Discussion 237 11.5 Conclusion 240 12 EV Power Train Performance with DC Motor 243 Nithya Chandran and R. Resmi 12.1 Introduction 243 12.2 Methodology 244 12.3 Results and Discussion 249 12.4 Conclusion 251 13 RC Vehicle for Delivery 255 Vemulapati Dhanunjaya Reddy, Mallireddy Jayanthi Reddy, Manoj Kumar S., R. Resmi and Y. N. V. Ganesh 13.1 Introduction 256 13.2 Literature Review 257 13.3 Methodology 259 13.4 Result and Discussions 262 13.5 Conclusion 263 14 Aerodynamic Drag Reduction in Heavy Vehicles 267 Amutha Prabha N., Abhishek Gudipalli, Dyuti Ranjan Acharya, Indragandhi V. and Manee Sangaran Diagarajan 14.1 Introduction 267 14.2 Literature Survey 268 14.3 Methodology 269 14.4 Results and Discussion 273 14.5 Analysis Comparison 277 14.6 Conclusion 279 15 Review of Optimization-Based Sensor Fault Detection for Lithium-Ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles 281 Mohana Devi S. and V. Bagyaveereswaran 15.1 Introduction 282 15.2 Gestalt of Battery Sensors 284 15.3 Utilization of Battery Sensors in Electric Vehicles 287 15.4 Optimization in Sensor Fault Detection 293 15.5 Advantages and Category of Metaheuristic Algorithm 297 15.6 Result and Discussion 305 15.7 Conclusion 306 16 Development of a Hybrid Foot¿Stamping Bicycle with Dynamic Electric Support: A Sustainable Alternative to Traditional Pedal and Electric Bicycles 313 Sumant Shyam, Jahnavi Gayatri D., Anushka and Abhishek Gudpalli 16.1 Introduction 314 16.2 Background and Motivation 314 16.3 Study Objectives 322 16.4 Scope of Study 326 16.5 Conclusion 329 17 A Novel Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Switch for Electric Vehicle Applications 337 Vijaya Sambhavi Y. and Vijayapriya R. 17.1 Introduction 337 17.2 Proposed MLI 340 17.3 Control Strategy and Simulation Outcomes 342 17.4 Conclusion 346 References 347 Index 349
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