At the beginning of Europe's turbulent seventeenth century no one knew how the brain worked. By the century's close the science of the brain had taken root helping to overturn many common misconceptions about the human body as well as to unseat centuries-old philosophies of man and God. Presiding over this evolution was the founder of modern neurology Thomas Willis a fascinating sympathetic even heroic figure who stands at the centre of an extraordinary group of scientists and philosophers known as the 'Oxford circle'. Chronicled here in vivid detail are their groundbreaking revelations and…mehr
At the beginning of Europe's turbulent seventeenth century no one knew how the brain worked. By the century's close the science of the brain had taken root helping to overturn many common misconceptions about the human body as well as to unseat centuries-old philosophies of man and God. Presiding over this evolution was the founder of modern neurology Thomas Willis a fascinating sympathetic even heroic figure who stands at the centre of an extraordinary group of scientists and philosophers known as the 'Oxford circle'. Chronicled here in vivid detail are their groundbreaking revelations and often gory experiments that first enshrined the brain as the chemical engine of reason emotion and madness - indeed as the very seat of the human soul.
Table of Contents Introduction: A Bowl of Curds Chapter One: Hearts and Minds, Livers and Stomachs Greeks explore the soul, puzzle over the brain, and embrace the heart Christians build a soul from ancient parts Natural philosophy is born and anatomy becomes a sacred art Vesalius discovers monkeys where men once stood The Greeks are transformed, the soul questioned Chapter Two: World Without Soul Anatomy of the cosmos Galileo's new sky Marin Mersenne makes the world a machine Pierre Gassendi sanctifies the atom Descartes's anatomy of clear ideas The human body as earthen machine The soul climbs into its cockpit An arrest The perfect argument The ice queen makes Descartes an offer The captive leaves its prison Chapter Three: Make Motion Cease Thomas Willis with the beasts of the field Protestants and Puritans The divine right of kings and the complaints of Parliament God and Aristotle at Oxford Servant and alchemist Mystical medicine comes to England Chapter Four: The Broken Heart of the Republic Charles I stumbles toward war Fever swings its scythe Portrait of a physician as a young man Willis fights for his king Oxford dark and nasty William Harvey under siege Harvey at the school of Aristotle Harvey finds the soul in the blood and says little about the brain Harvey discovers the circle of blood Oliver Cromwell tightens the noose Surrender to madness Chapter Five: Pisse-Prophets Among the Puritans Thomas Willis returns Medicine in the marketplace Ferments dissolve the four humors The Puritans demand an oath The Oxford Experimental Philosophy Club William Petty: From Thomas Hobbes's mouth to Thomas Willis's ear Charles becomes a martyr to the people England the republic The madness of defeat The Miraculous Case of Anne Greene, or A Clock Reset William Petty measures the soul of a nation Willis hosts an illegal church Chapter Six: The Circle of Willis William Harvey comes out of retirement Thomas Willis searches for the agents of fever The Experimental Philosophy Club fights for its life and for respectability Hobbes as politician and neurologist Robert Boyle gives shape to the New Science Chapter Seven: Spirits of Blood, Spirits of Air Willis stirs up a ferment of atoms A crude dream of the brain Cromwell uprooted Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke pump away the soul Christopher Wren, surgeon and injector The return of the king Chapter Eight: A Curious Quilted Ball The Church of England meets its less than divine leader Thomas Willis becomes hero of a nation "I addicted myself to the opening of heads" Willis discovers a doctrine of the nerves The Royal Society Chapter Nine: Convulsions The lady with a migraine Convulsions in the year of plague and fire Chapter Ten: The Science of Brutes From Oxford to London Richard Lower transfuses blood into a madman Lower and Hooke discover Willis's mistake in the lungs of dogs Willis constructs a doctrine of the soul Madness explained Thomas Willis avoids Hobbes's fate Chapter Eleven: The Neurologist Vanishes A final book by Thomas Willis and a ridiculously sumptuous funeral How John Locke buried his teacher Robert Boyle sees the future before he dies and is not consoled Chapter Twelve: The Soul's Microscope A long journey forward The soul as information Lightning in a nerve The wisdom of the reflex Neurologists read the brain MRI and the module The networked mind The able animal soul Emotion with reason, not versus Steel syrup and Prozac The self anatomized The social brain Morals and neurons Lady Conway and Dr. Willis meet again Dramatis Personae Notes References Acknowledgments Index
Table of Contents Introduction: A Bowl of Curds Chapter One: Hearts and Minds, Livers and Stomachs Greeks explore the soul, puzzle over the brain, and embrace the heart Christians build a soul from ancient parts Natural philosophy is born and anatomy becomes a sacred art Vesalius discovers monkeys where men once stood The Greeks are transformed, the soul questioned Chapter Two: World Without Soul Anatomy of the cosmos Galileo's new sky Marin Mersenne makes the world a machine Pierre Gassendi sanctifies the atom Descartes's anatomy of clear ideas The human body as earthen machine The soul climbs into its cockpit An arrest The perfect argument The ice queen makes Descartes an offer The captive leaves its prison Chapter Three: Make Motion Cease Thomas Willis with the beasts of the field Protestants and Puritans The divine right of kings and the complaints of Parliament God and Aristotle at Oxford Servant and alchemist Mystical medicine comes to England Chapter Four: The Broken Heart of the Republic Charles I stumbles toward war Fever swings its scythe Portrait of a physician as a young man Willis fights for his king Oxford dark and nasty William Harvey under siege Harvey at the school of Aristotle Harvey finds the soul in the blood and says little about the brain Harvey discovers the circle of blood Oliver Cromwell tightens the noose Surrender to madness Chapter Five: Pisse-Prophets Among the Puritans Thomas Willis returns Medicine in the marketplace Ferments dissolve the four humors The Puritans demand an oath The Oxford Experimental Philosophy Club William Petty: From Thomas Hobbes's mouth to Thomas Willis's ear Charles becomes a martyr to the people England the republic The madness of defeat The Miraculous Case of Anne Greene, or A Clock Reset William Petty measures the soul of a nation Willis hosts an illegal church Chapter Six: The Circle of Willis William Harvey comes out of retirement Thomas Willis searches for the agents of fever The Experimental Philosophy Club fights for its life and for respectability Hobbes as politician and neurologist Robert Boyle gives shape to the New Science Chapter Seven: Spirits of Blood, Spirits of Air Willis stirs up a ferment of atoms A crude dream of the brain Cromwell uprooted Robert Boyle and Robert Hooke pump away the soul Christopher Wren, surgeon and injector The return of the king Chapter Eight: A Curious Quilted Ball The Church of England meets its less than divine leader Thomas Willis becomes hero of a nation "I addicted myself to the opening of heads" Willis discovers a doctrine of the nerves The Royal Society Chapter Nine: Convulsions The lady with a migraine Convulsions in the year of plague and fire Chapter Ten: The Science of Brutes From Oxford to London Richard Lower transfuses blood into a madman Lower and Hooke discover Willis's mistake in the lungs of dogs Willis constructs a doctrine of the soul Madness explained Thomas Willis avoids Hobbes's fate Chapter Eleven: The Neurologist Vanishes A final book by Thomas Willis and a ridiculously sumptuous funeral How John Locke buried his teacher Robert Boyle sees the future before he dies and is not consoled Chapter Twelve: The Soul's Microscope A long journey forward The soul as information Lightning in a nerve The wisdom of the reflex Neurologists read the brain MRI and the module The networked mind The able animal soul Emotion with reason, not versus Steel syrup and Prozac The self anatomized The social brain Morals and neurons Lady Conway and Dr. Willis meet again Dramatis Personae Notes References Acknowledgments Index
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