The Battle of Cannae in 216 bce in southeastern Italy is one of the most famous battles in military history. Fought during the Second Punic War between Rome and Carthage, it is a classic example of a victorious double envelopment. Carthaginian (African, Gallic, and Celtiberian) troops led by Hannibal inflicted casualties of between 55,000 (Livy) and 70,000 (Polybius) upon the Roman forces. It has been estimated that approximately 20 percent of the Roman fighting troops between the ages of 18 and 50 died at Cannae. Though not the strategic victory hoped for by Hannibal, it was a decisive tactical victory. This brief study by historian and archaeologist Patrick Hunt discusses the topography, major commanders, order of battle, chronology, and unusual decisions and tactics to provide a clear overview of the battle and Hannibal's victory. Viewing the archaeology of the site and history of the battle, he gives readers a unique perspective on the history and significance of one of Hannibal's greatest victories and an outcome that terrified Romans when news of the defeat reached the city of Rome.
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