Michaela Nebel

The EU AI ACT

A Commentary

• Gebundenes Buch

Produktbeschreibung

This invaluable commentary on the EU Artificial Intelligence Act (EU AI Act) offers a thorough analysis of this groundbreaking legislation. As AI technologies become more integrated into society, it is imperative to address the potential risks and ethical concerns they bring.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: Globe Law and Business Ltd
• Seitenzahl: 501
• Erscheinungstermin: 30. November 2025
• Englisch
• Abmessung: 1016mm x 1524mm x 33mm
• Gewicht: 900g
• ISBN-13: 9781837231065
• ISBN-10: 1837231060
• Artikelnr.: 73818045

Autorenporträt

by Lukas Feiler, Nikolaus Forgo and Michaela Nebel

Inhaltsangabe

List of abbreviations
 
List of sources cited in abbreviated form
 
List of recitals of the AI Act
 
An introduction to the AI Act
 
1. The scope of the AI Act
 1.1 Material scope – What types of AI are covered?
 1.2 Personal scope – Who does the AI Act apply to?
 1.3 Territorial scope – Where does the AI Act apply?
 1.4 Temporal scope – From when does the AI Act apply?
 
2. The AI Act as an instrument of product regulation
 2.1 An overview of European product regulation
 2.2 The role of harmonized standards and common specifications
 2.3 External conformity assessment bodies and their accreditation and
notification
 2.4 Relation to other harmonization legislation
 
3. Risk-based regulation of AI systems and AI models
 3.1 Prohibited AI systems
 3.2 High-risk AI systems
 3.3 GenAI and certain biometric AI systems that are subject to special
transparency rules
 3.4 Other AI systems
 3.5 General-purpose AI models
 
4. An overview of the obligations under the AI Act
 4.1 Obligations of providers
 4.2 Obligations of importers
 4.3 Obligations of distributors
 4.4 Obligations of deployers systems
 4.5 Obligations of authorised representatives
 
5. Innovation-promoting measures
 5.1 AI regulatory sandboxes
 5.2 Testing in real-world conditions
 
6. Enforcement by public authorities
 6.1 Market surveillance regarding AI systems
 6.2 The AI Office as supervisory authority for providers of
general-purpose AI models
 6.3 Administrative fines
 
7. Liability and private enforcement
 
AI Act text and commentary
 
Chapter I – General Provisions
 Article 1 Subject matter
 Article 2 Scope
 Article 3 Definitions
 Article 4 AI literacy
Chapter II – Prohibited AI practices
 Article 5 Prohibited AI practices
Chapter III – High-risk AI systems
 
Section 1 – Classification of AI systems as high-risk
 Article 6 Classification rules for high-risk AI systems
 Article 7 Amendments to Annex III
 
Section 2 – Requirements for high-risk AI systems
 Article 8 Compliance with the requirements
 Article 9 Risk management system
 Article 10 Data and data governance
 Article 11 Technical documentation
 Article 12 Record-keeping
 Article 13 Transparency and provision of information to deployers
 Article 14 Human oversight
 Article 15 Accuracy, robustness and cybersecurity
 
Section 3 – Obligations of providers and deployers of high-risk AI systems
and other parties
 Article 16 Obligations of providers of high-risk AI systems
 Article 17 Quality management system
 Article 18 Documentation keeping
 Article 19 Automatically generated logs
 Article 20 Corrective actions and duty of information
 Article 21 Cooperation with competent authorities
 Article 22 Authorised representatives of providers of high-risk AI systems
 Article 23 Obligations of importers
 Article 24 Obligations of distributors
 Article 25 Responsibilities along the AI value chain
 Article 26 Obligations of deployers of high-risk AI systems
 Article 27 Fundamental rights impact assessment for high-risk AI systems
 
Section 4 – Notifying authorities and notified bodies
 Article 28 Notifying authorities
 Article 29 Application of a conformity assessment body for notification
 Article 30 Notification procedure
 Article 31 Requirements relating to notified bodies
 Article 32 Presumption of conformity with requirements relating to
notified bodies
 Article 33 Subsidiaries of notified bodies and subcontracting
 Article 34 Operational obligations of notified bodies
 Article 35 Identification numbers and lists of notified bodies
 Article 36 Changes to notifications
 Article 37 Challenge to the competence of notified bodies
 Article 38 Coordination of notified bodies
 Article 39 Conformity assessment bodies of third countries
 
Section 5 – Standards, conformity assessment, certificates, registration
 Article 40 Harmonised standards and standardisation deliverables
 Article 41 Common specifications
 Article 42 Presumption of conformity with certain requirements
 Article 43 Conformity assessment
 Article 44 Certificates
 Article 45 Information obligations of notified bodies
 Article 46 Derogation from conformity assessment procedure
 Article 47 EU declaration of conformity
 Article 48 CE marking
 Article 49 Registration
Chapter IV – Transparency obligations for providers and deployers of
certain AI systems
 Article 50 Transparency obligations for providers and deployers of certain
AI systems
 
Chapter V – General-purpose AI models
 
Section 1 – Classification rules
 Article 51 Classification of general purpose AI models as general-purpose
AI models with systemic risk
 Article 52 Procedure
 
Section 2 – Obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models
 Article 53 Obligations for providers of general-purpose AI models
 Article 54 Authorised representatives of providers of general purpose AI
models
 
Section 3 – Obligations of providers of general-purpose AI models with
systemic risk
 Article 55 Obligations of providers of general-purpose AI models with
systemic risk
 Article 56 Codes of practice
 
Chapter VI – Measures in support of innovation
 Article 57 AI regulatory sandboxes
 Article 58 Detailed arrangements for, and functioning of, AI regulatory
sandboxes
 Article 59 Further processing of personal data for developing certain AI
systems in the public interest in the AI regulatory sandbox
 Article 60 Testing of high-risk AI systems in real world conditions
outside AI regulatory sandboxes
 Article 61 Informed consent to participate in testing world conditions
outside AI regulatory sandboxes
 Article 62 Measures for providers and deployers, in particular SMEs,
including start-ups
 Article 63 Derogations for specific operators
 
Chapter VII – Governance
 
Section 1 – Governance at Union level
 Article 64 AI Office
 Article 65 Establishment and structure of the European Artificial
Intelligence Board
 Article 66 Tasks of the Board
 Article 67 Advisory forum
 Article 68 Scientific panel of independent experts
 Article 69 Access to the pool of
 experts by the Member States
 
Section 2 – National competent authorities
 Article 70 Designation of national competent authorities and single points
of contact
 
Chapter VIII – EU Database for high-risk AI systems
 Article 71 EU database for high-risk AI systems listed in Annex III
 
Chapter IX – Post-market monitoring, information sharing and market
surveillance
 
Section 1 – Post-market monitoring
 Article 72 Post-market monitoring by providers and post-market monitoring
plan for high risk AI systems,
 
Section 2 – Sharing of information on serious incidents
 Article 73 Reporting of serious incidents
Section 3 – Enforcement
 Article 74 Market surveillance and control of AI systems in the Union
market
 Article 75 Mutual assistance, market surveillance and control of
general-purpose AI systems
 Article 76 Supervision of testing in real world conditions by market
surveillance authorities
 Article 77 Powers of authorities protecting fundamental rights
 Article 78 Confidentiality
 Article 79 Procedure at national level for dealing with AI systems
presenting a risk
 Article 80 Procedure for dealing with AI systems classified by the
provider as non-high-risk in application of Annex III
 Article 81 Union safeguard procedure
 Article 82 Compliant AI systems which present a risk
 Article 83 Formal non-compliance
 Article 84 Union AI testing support structures
 
Section 4 – Remedies
 Article 85 Right to lodge a complaint with a market surveillance authority
 Article 86 Right to explanation of individual decision-making
 Article 87 Reporting of infringements and protection of reporting persons
 
Section 5 – Supervision, investigation, enforcement and monitoring in
respect of providers of general-purpose AI models
 Article 88 Enforcement of the obligations of providers of general-purpose
AI models
 Article 89 Monitoring actions
 Article 90 Alerts of systemic risks by the scientific panel
 Article 91 Power to request documentation and information
 Article 92 Power to conduct evaluations
 Article 93 Power to request measures
 Article 94 Procedural rights of economic operators of the general-purpose
AI model
 
Chapter X – Codes of conduct and guidelines
 Article 95 Codes of conduct for voluntary application of specific
requirements
 Article 96 Guidelines from the Commission on the implementation of this
Regulation
 
Chapter XI – Delegation of power and committee procedure
 Article 97 Exercise of the delegation
 Article 98 Committee procedure
 
Chapter XII – Penalties
 Article 99 Penalties
 Article 100 Administrative fines on Union institutions, bodies, offices
and agencies
 Article 101 Fines for providers of general-purpose AI models
 
Chapter XIII – Final provisions
 Article 102 Amendment to Regulation (EG) No 300/2008
 Article 103 Amendment to Regulation (EU) No 167/2013
 Article 104 Amendment to Regulation (EU) No 168/2013
 Article 105 Amendment to Directive 2014/90/EU
 Article 106 Amendment to Directive (EU) 2016/797
 Article 107 Amendment to Regulation (EU) 2018/858
 Article 108 Amendments to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139
 Article 109 Amendment to Regulation (EU) 2019/2144
 Article 110 Amendment to Directive (EU) 2020/1828
 Article 111 AI systems already placed on the market or put into service
and general-purpose AI models already placed on the market
 Article 112 Evaluation and review
 Article 113 Entry into force and application
 
ANNEX I – List of Union harmonisation legislation
 
ANNEX II – List of criminal offences referred to in Article 5(1), first
subparagraph, point (h)(iii)
 
ANNEX III – High-risk AI systems referred to in Article 6(2)
 
ANNEX IV – Technical documentation referred to in Article 11(1)
 
ANNEX V – EU declaration of conformity
 
ANNEX VI – Conformity assessment procedure based on internal control
 
ANNEX VII – Conformity based on an assessment of the quality management
system and an assessment of the technical documentation
 
ANNEX VIII – Information to be submitted upon the registration of high-risk
AI systems in accordance with Article 49
 Section A Information to be submitted by providers of high-risk AI systems
in accordance with Article 49(1)
 Section B Information to be submitted by providers of high-risk AI systems
in accordance with Article 49(2)
 Section C Information to be submitted by deployers of high-risk AI systems
in accordance with Article 49(3)
 
ANNEX IX – Information to be submitted upon the registration of high-risk
AI systems listed in Annex III in relation to testing in real world
condictions in accordance with Article 60
 
ANNEX X – Union legislative acts on large-scale IT systems in the area of
Freedom, Security and Justice
 
ANNEX XI – Technical documentation
 referred to in Article 53(1), point (a) technical documentation for
providers of general-purpose AI models
 Section 1 Information to be provided by all providers of general purpose
AI models
 Section 2 Additional information to be provided by providers of
general-purpose AI models with systemic risk
 
ANNEX XII – Transparency information referred to in Article 53(1), point
(b) – technical documentation for providers of general-purpose AI models to
downstream providers that integrate the model into their AI system
 
ANNEX XIII – Criteria for the designation of general-purpose AI models with
systemic risk referred to in Article 51
 
Index