In this book we present an integrated account of the monocotyledons. The classification is supported by an extensive character analysis and by evolutionary models constructed on the basis of this analysis. An assessment of the character states as either primitive or derived, in the monocotyledons as a whole and in their constituent groups, is presented. These parts of the book have their forerunners in The Monocotyledons. ; a Comparative Study (DAHLGREN and CLIFFORD, 1982) and in Monocotyledon Evolution: Characters and Phylogenetic Estimation (DAHLGREN and RASMUSSEN, 1983). Thus the…mehr
In this book we present an integrated account of the monocotyledons. The classification is supported by an extensive character analysis and by evolutionary models constructed on the basis of this analysis. An assessment of the character states as either primitive or derived, in the monocotyledons as a whole and in their constituent groups, is presented. These parts of the book have their forerunners in The Monocotyledons. ; a Comparative Study (DAHLGREN and CLIFFORD, 1982) and in Monocotyledon Evolution: Characters and Phylogenetic Estimation (DAHLGREN and RASMUSSEN, 1983). Thus the presentation gives great weight to evolutionary considerations. We have aimed at doing away with old heterogeneous families, and arranging the new, smaller and more homogeneous ones according to their presumed relationships. Most taxonomists may regard us as "splitters". We believe, however, that a concept of Amaryllidaceae, for example, which includes Amaryllidaceae sensu stricto, Ixioliriaceae, Agavaceae pro of no help to the botanist seeking to recognize parte, and, perhaps, Alstroemeriaceae, is natural and comprehensible groups, and that it will prevent him from perceiving the evolutionary pathways which have led to the families and their genera. Again, it is certainly of no advantage to unite Liliaceae, as circumscribed here, with Alliaceae, Hya cinthaceae, Asphodelaceae, Hemerocallidaceae, Convallariaceae, Trilliaceae and other elements, if at the same time the Liliaceae are kept distinct from, for example, Alstroemeriaceae, Iridaceae or Philesiaceae.
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Inhaltsangabe
Morphological Concepts.- Underground Parts.- The Aerial Stem.- Anatomical Concepts (Leaf and Stem).- Leaves.- The Inflorescence.- The Flower.- The Floral Axis.- Numerical Conditions and Insertion of the Components of the Flower.- The Perianth.- The Androecium.- The Anther Wall and Tapetum.- The Pollen Grains and Their Dispersal.- The Gynoecium.- The Ovule.- Embryo Sac Formation.- Endosperm Formation.- Embryo Formation.- The Fruit.- The Seed.- The Embryo.- Chemical Characters.- Evolutionary Concepts, Classification.- General Concepts.- Divergent Evolution.- Reduction.- The Lemnaceae.- The Zosteraceae.- The Centrolepidaceae and Hydatellaceae.- The Reproductive Structures in Cyperaceae Tribus Mapanieae.- The Inflorescence and Flower in Carex.- The Typhaceae and Sparganiaceae.- The Genus Cyclanthus, Cyclanthaceae.- Convergent Evolution.- General.- The Spadiciflorae.- The Arales-Piperales.- The Alismatales-Nymphaeales.- Criteria for the Monocotyledons.- Origin of the Monocotyledons.- General Remarks.- The Ranalean/Magnoliifloran Hypothesis.- The Hypothesis of Monocotyledons as Ancestral Angiosperms.- Fossils.- Distribution of Character Conditions.- General.- Vegetative Morphology.- Vegetative Anatomy.- Floral Morphology.- Microsporangia, Pollen.- Ovular Characters.- Fruit and Seed Characters.- Chromosomal Characters.- Phytochemical Characters.- Parasites.- Ancestral and Derived Character States in Monocotyledons in General and in Various of the Major Groups.- General.- Vegatative Morphology.- Vegetative Anatomy.- Floral Morphology.- Microsporangia, Pollen.- Ovular Characters.- Fruit and Seed Characters.- Chromosomal Characters.- Phytochemical Characters.- Parasites.- Evolution Within the Monocotyledons.- The Hypothesis of Monocotyledons as Ancestral Angiosperms.- The Ranalean/Magnoliifloran Hypothesis.- The Liliiflorae.- The Dioscoreales.- The Asparagales.- The Liliales (incl. Orchidales).- The Burmanniales.- The Melanthiales.- The Ariflorae-Triuridiflorae-Alismatiflorae Complexes.- The Ariflorae.- The Triuridiflorae.- The Alismatiflorae.- The Bromeliiflorae-Zingiberiflorae-Commeliniflorae Complexes.- The Bromeliiflorae.- The Zingiberiflorae.- The Commenliniflorae.- The Areciflorae-Cyclanthiflorae-Pandaniflorae Complexes.- Taxonomy.- General.- Superorder Liliiflorae.- Order Dioscoreales.- Trichopodaceae Hutchinson (1934).- Dioscoreaceae R. Brown (1810).- Taccaceae Dumortier (1829).- Stemonaceae Engler in Engler & Prantl (1887).- Trilliaceae Lindley (1846).- Smilacaceae Ventenat (1799).- Petermanniaceae Hutchinson (1934).- Order Asparagales.- Philesiaceae Dumortier (1829).- Luzurigaceae J. Dostál (1857).- Convallariaceae P. Horaninow (1834).- Asparagaceae A.L. Jussieu (1789).- Ruscaceae Hutchinson (1934).- Herreriaceae S.L. Endlicher (1836).- Dracaenaceae R.A. Salisbury (1866).- Nolinaceae T. Nakai (1943).- Asteliaceae Dumortier (1829).- Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw (1965).- Dasypogonaceae Dumortier (1829).- Calectasiaceae S.L. Endlicher (1836).- Blandfordiaceae Dahlgren & Clifford, fam. nov.- Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumortier (1829).- Agavaceae S.L. Endlicher (1841).- Hypoxidaceae R. Brown (1814).- Tecophilaeaceae Leybold (1862).- Cyanastraceae Engler (1900).- Eriospermaceae S.L. Endlicher (1836).- Ixioliriaceae T. Nakai (1943).- Phormiaceae J.G. Agardh (1858).- Doryanthaceae Dahlgren & Clifford, fam. nov.- Hemerocallidaceae R. Brown (1810).- Asphodelaceae A.L. Jussieu (1789).- Anthericaceae J.G. Agardh (1858).- Aphyllanthaceae G.T. Burnett (1835).- Funkiaceae P. Horaninow (1834).- Hyacinthaceae Batsch (1802).- Alliaceae J.G. Agardh (1858).- Amaryllidaceae Jaume St. Hilaire (1805).- Order Melanthiales.- Melanthiaceae Batsch (1802).- Campynemaceae Dumortier (1829).- Order Burmanniales.- Burmanniaceae Blume (1827).- Thismiaceae J.G. Agardh (1858).- Corsiaceae Beccari (1878).- Order Liliales.- Alstroemeriaceae Dumortier (1829).- Colchicaceae A.P. de Candolle in Lamarck & de Candolle (1805).- Uvulariaceae C.S. Kunth (1843).- Calochortaceae Dumo
Morphological Concepts.- Underground Parts.- The Aerial Stem.- Anatomical Concepts (Leaf and Stem).- Leaves.- The Inflorescence.- The Flower.- The Floral Axis.- Numerical Conditions and Insertion of the Components of the Flower.- The Perianth.- The Androecium.- The Anther Wall and Tapetum.- The Pollen Grains and Their Dispersal.- The Gynoecium.- The Ovule.- Embryo Sac Formation.- Endosperm Formation.- Embryo Formation.- The Fruit.- The Seed.- The Embryo.- Chemical Characters.- Evolutionary Concepts, Classification.- General Concepts.- Divergent Evolution.- Reduction.- The Lemnaceae.- The Zosteraceae.- The Centrolepidaceae and Hydatellaceae.- The Reproductive Structures in Cyperaceae Tribus Mapanieae.- The Inflorescence and Flower in Carex.- The Typhaceae and Sparganiaceae.- The Genus Cyclanthus, Cyclanthaceae.- Convergent Evolution.- General.- The Spadiciflorae.- The Arales-Piperales.- The Alismatales-Nymphaeales.- Criteria for the Monocotyledons.- Origin of the Monocotyledons.- General Remarks.- The Ranalean/Magnoliifloran Hypothesis.- The Hypothesis of Monocotyledons as Ancestral Angiosperms.- Fossils.- Distribution of Character Conditions.- General.- Vegetative Morphology.- Vegetative Anatomy.- Floral Morphology.- Microsporangia, Pollen.- Ovular Characters.- Fruit and Seed Characters.- Chromosomal Characters.- Phytochemical Characters.- Parasites.- Ancestral and Derived Character States in Monocotyledons in General and in Various of the Major Groups.- General.- Vegatative Morphology.- Vegetative Anatomy.- Floral Morphology.- Microsporangia, Pollen.- Ovular Characters.- Fruit and Seed Characters.- Chromosomal Characters.- Phytochemical Characters.- Parasites.- Evolution Within the Monocotyledons.- The Hypothesis of Monocotyledons as Ancestral Angiosperms.- The Ranalean/Magnoliifloran Hypothesis.- The Liliiflorae.- The Dioscoreales.- The Asparagales.- The Liliales (incl. Orchidales).- The Burmanniales.- The Melanthiales.- The Ariflorae-Triuridiflorae-Alismatiflorae Complexes.- The Ariflorae.- The Triuridiflorae.- The Alismatiflorae.- The Bromeliiflorae-Zingiberiflorae-Commeliniflorae Complexes.- The Bromeliiflorae.- The Zingiberiflorae.- The Commenliniflorae.- The Areciflorae-Cyclanthiflorae-Pandaniflorae Complexes.- Taxonomy.- General.- Superorder Liliiflorae.- Order Dioscoreales.- Trichopodaceae Hutchinson (1934).- Dioscoreaceae R. Brown (1810).- Taccaceae Dumortier (1829).- Stemonaceae Engler in Engler & Prantl (1887).- Trilliaceae Lindley (1846).- Smilacaceae Ventenat (1799).- Petermanniaceae Hutchinson (1934).- Order Asparagales.- Philesiaceae Dumortier (1829).- Luzurigaceae J. Dostál (1857).- Convallariaceae P. Horaninow (1834).- Asparagaceae A.L. Jussieu (1789).- Ruscaceae Hutchinson (1934).- Herreriaceae S.L. Endlicher (1836).- Dracaenaceae R.A. Salisbury (1866).- Nolinaceae T. Nakai (1943).- Asteliaceae Dumortier (1829).- Hanguanaceae Airy Shaw (1965).- Dasypogonaceae Dumortier (1829).- Calectasiaceae S.L. Endlicher (1836).- Blandfordiaceae Dahlgren & Clifford, fam. nov.- Xanthorrhoeaceae Dumortier (1829).- Agavaceae S.L. Endlicher (1841).- Hypoxidaceae R. Brown (1814).- Tecophilaeaceae Leybold (1862).- Cyanastraceae Engler (1900).- Eriospermaceae S.L. Endlicher (1836).- Ixioliriaceae T. Nakai (1943).- Phormiaceae J.G. Agardh (1858).- Doryanthaceae Dahlgren & Clifford, fam. nov.- Hemerocallidaceae R. Brown (1810).- Asphodelaceae A.L. Jussieu (1789).- Anthericaceae J.G. Agardh (1858).- Aphyllanthaceae G.T. Burnett (1835).- Funkiaceae P. Horaninow (1834).- Hyacinthaceae Batsch (1802).- Alliaceae J.G. Agardh (1858).- Amaryllidaceae Jaume St. Hilaire (1805).- Order Melanthiales.- Melanthiaceae Batsch (1802).- Campynemaceae Dumortier (1829).- Order Burmanniales.- Burmanniaceae Blume (1827).- Thismiaceae J.G. Agardh (1858).- Corsiaceae Beccari (1878).- Order Liliales.- Alstroemeriaceae Dumortier (1829).- Colchicaceae A.P. de Candolle in Lamarck & de Candolle (1805).- Uvulariaceae C.S. Kunth (1843).- Calochortaceae Dumo
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