Sir Clements R. Markham (1830-1916) had succumbed to smoke after accidentally igniting his bedclothes while reading by candlelight; the task of completing this history therefore fell to his friend and fellow geographer F. H. H. Guillemard (1852-1933), who published it in 1921. In the course of his long career, Markham had sailed to the Arctic in search of Sir John Franklin, jeopardised his job in the India Office by joining the British attempt to reach the North Pole in 1875-6, and served as president of the Royal Geographical Society, sending Robert Falcon Scott on his first expedition to…mehr
Sir Clements R. Markham (1830-1916) had succumbed to smoke after accidentally igniting his bedclothes while reading by candlelight; the task of completing this history therefore fell to his friend and fellow geographer F. H. H. Guillemard (1852-1933), who published it in 1921. In the course of his long career, Markham had sailed to the Arctic in search of Sir John Franklin, jeopardised his job in the India Office by joining the British attempt to reach the North Pole in 1875-6, and served as president of the Royal Geographical Society, sending Robert Falcon Scott on his first expedition to Antarctica. His extensive knowledge of the prominent polar explorers and expeditions of his day lends this publication an especial interest and authority. Enhanced by a number of maps and illustrations, the book also considers certain scientific and economic developments, notably the growth of the whaling industry.
Preface Part I. 1. The Arctic regions 2. Ice and icebergs 3. Tribes around the pole 4. Ultima Thule 5. First crossing of the threshold 6. The Norsemen in Greenland 7. Nicholas of Lynn - Zeno - medieval nautical instruments 8. First English voyages to the north-east - Willoughby - Chancellor Burroughs - Pet 9. Barentsz - Linschoten - De Veer 10. Sir Martin Frobisher 11. John Davis 12. The merchant adventurers and Richard Hakluyt 13. Greenland voyage of Hall and Baffin 14. Early Spitsbergen voyages 15. Early voyages to Hudson's Bay 16. William Baffin 17. Jens Eriksen Munk - Foxe and James - Wood 18. Hans Egede and Danish Greenland 19. The Hudson's Bay Company - Hearne and Mackenzie - Cook and Phipps 20. Russian Arctic discoveries 21. The British whale fishery and the Scoresbys 22. Buchan and Ross 23. Parry and his school 24. Discovery of the north coast of America - Franklin - Richardson - Back - Dease - Simpson - Rae 25. John Ross, James Ross, and the north magnetic pole 26. The Franklin expedition 27. The search for Franklin I 28. The search for Franklin II 29. Discovery of the fate of Franklin 30. The east coast of Greenland - Scoresby - Clavering - Graah - Koldewey 31. Spitsbergen - expeditions before 1872 32. Franz Josef Land and its explorers 33. The route by Smith Sound - Kane - Hayes - Hall - Nares - Markham 34. Sir Allen Youn and the Pandora - Amundsen and the North West Passage 35. Weyprecht's plan for synchronous observations - the Greely expedition 36. The North East Passage - Nordenskiöld - Wiggins - De Long 37. Greenland and its inland ice - Nordenskiöld, Nansen, Peary 38. The trans-polar drift - Nansen and the voyage of the Fram 39. The Parry archipelago - Sverdrup 40. Attempts to reach the north pole - Cagni - Cook - Peary 41. Koolemans Beynen and the voyages of the Willem Barentsz - Sir Martin Conway and Spitsbergen - Captain Bernier and Canadian Arctic lands 42. East coast of Greenland - Danish expeditions 43. Later Greenland explorations - Mikkelsen - Rasmussen - Koch 44. Conclusion Part II. 45. The great southern continent 46. Captain Cook - Bellingshausen 47. The South Shetlands - Foster - Weddell 48. Enderby and his captains: Biscoe - Kempe - Balleny 49. Dumont D'Urville and Wilkes 50. First Antarctic voyage of Sir James Ross 51. Second Antarctic voyage 52. Third Antarctic voyage of Sir James Ross 53. Antarctic oceanography 54. Revival of Antarctic exploration 55. Private expeditions - Borchgrevink - Gerlache - Nordenskiöld - Bruce - Drygalksi - Charcot - Filchner 56. Preparations for the Societies' Antarctic expedition 57. The Societies' Antarctic expedition - first year 58. The Societies' Antarctic expedition - the Morning 59. The Societies' Antarctic expedition - second year 60. Shackleton's attempt to reach the pole 61. Amundsen's journey to the south pole 62. Mawson's expedition 63. Captain Scott's last expedition 64. Captain Scott's last expedition - the end 65. Remaining Antarctic work Chronology of polar voyages and explorations Brief bibliography of polar voyages and travels Index.
Preface Part I. 1. The Arctic regions 2. Ice and icebergs 3. Tribes around the pole 4. Ultima Thule 5. First crossing of the threshold 6. The Norsemen in Greenland 7. Nicholas of Lynn - Zeno - medieval nautical instruments 8. First English voyages to the north-east - Willoughby - Chancellor Burroughs - Pet 9. Barentsz - Linschoten - De Veer 10. Sir Martin Frobisher 11. John Davis 12. The merchant adventurers and Richard Hakluyt 13. Greenland voyage of Hall and Baffin 14. Early Spitsbergen voyages 15. Early voyages to Hudson's Bay 16. William Baffin 17. Jens Eriksen Munk - Foxe and James - Wood 18. Hans Egede and Danish Greenland 19. The Hudson's Bay Company - Hearne and Mackenzie - Cook and Phipps 20. Russian Arctic discoveries 21. The British whale fishery and the Scoresbys 22. Buchan and Ross 23. Parry and his school 24. Discovery of the north coast of America - Franklin - Richardson - Back - Dease - Simpson - Rae 25. John Ross, James Ross, and the north magnetic pole 26. The Franklin expedition 27. The search for Franklin I 28. The search for Franklin II 29. Discovery of the fate of Franklin 30. The east coast of Greenland - Scoresby - Clavering - Graah - Koldewey 31. Spitsbergen - expeditions before 1872 32. Franz Josef Land and its explorers 33. The route by Smith Sound - Kane - Hayes - Hall - Nares - Markham 34. Sir Allen Youn and the Pandora - Amundsen and the North West Passage 35. Weyprecht's plan for synchronous observations - the Greely expedition 36. The North East Passage - Nordenskiöld - Wiggins - De Long 37. Greenland and its inland ice - Nordenskiöld, Nansen, Peary 38. The trans-polar drift - Nansen and the voyage of the Fram 39. The Parry archipelago - Sverdrup 40. Attempts to reach the north pole - Cagni - Cook - Peary 41. Koolemans Beynen and the voyages of the Willem Barentsz - Sir Martin Conway and Spitsbergen - Captain Bernier and Canadian Arctic lands 42. East coast of Greenland - Danish expeditions 43. Later Greenland explorations - Mikkelsen - Rasmussen - Koch 44. Conclusion Part II. 45. The great southern continent 46. Captain Cook - Bellingshausen 47. The South Shetlands - Foster - Weddell 48. Enderby and his captains: Biscoe - Kempe - Balleny 49. Dumont D'Urville and Wilkes 50. First Antarctic voyage of Sir James Ross 51. Second Antarctic voyage 52. Third Antarctic voyage of Sir James Ross 53. Antarctic oceanography 54. Revival of Antarctic exploration 55. Private expeditions - Borchgrevink - Gerlache - Nordenskiöld - Bruce - Drygalksi - Charcot - Filchner 56. Preparations for the Societies' Antarctic expedition 57. The Societies' Antarctic expedition - first year 58. The Societies' Antarctic expedition - the Morning 59. The Societies' Antarctic expedition - second year 60. Shackleton's attempt to reach the pole 61. Amundsen's journey to the south pole 62. Mawson's expedition 63. Captain Scott's last expedition 64. Captain Scott's last expedition - the end 65. Remaining Antarctic work Chronology of polar voyages and explorations Brief bibliography of polar voyages and travels Index.
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