Both colonial and early nationalist writers of African history tried to minimize the importance of the slave trade in the study of Africa's past and present. Increasingly, however, scholars have recognized the significance of the institution for properly understanding African history, both within the continent and throughout the Diaspora. Much of Africa entered into relations with the rest of the world as a producer of coerced labor. The Nile Valley and the coast of Northeast Africa were sources of slaves for ancient Egypt, and by the colonial period, dating from the 15th to the 19th…mehr
Both colonial and early nationalist writers of African history tried to minimize the importance of the slave trade in the study of Africa's past and present. Increasingly, however, scholars have recognized the significance of the institution for properly understanding African history, both within the continent and throughout the Diaspora. Much of Africa entered into relations with the rest of the world as a producer of coerced labor. The Nile Valley and the coast of Northeast Africa were sources of slaves for ancient Egypt, and by the colonial period, dating from the 15th to the 19th centuries, the slave trade had become a major activity, shaping political, economic, and social structures. In the 21st century, Africa is a focal point for international debates regarding modern versions of slavery. The Oxford Encyclopedia of Slavery, the Slave Trade, and the Diaspora in African History is the first reference work of its kind to explore this history: a comprehensive resource that aims to cover the development, practice, and legacy of the institution of slavery in Africa and the Diaspora, while utilizing the rapidly evolving scholarship in archaeology, ethnography, anthropology, and economics. The contributors utilize the latest research, which has shifted away from the viewpoint of colonizers, traders, and politicians, and has sought to incorporate the voices and experiences of all the people who were involved. Moreover, the writers look beyond the landmark historical and political events to examine the impact on culture and modern global relations, thus pushing the field in new directions, and toward new perspectives and disciplines.
Martin Klein's research has focused on slavery and the slave trade in French West Africa for 50 years, as well as colonial rule and Islam. His most important book is Slavery and Colonial Rule in French West Africa (Cambridge 1998), which was given an honorable mention in the competition for the Herskovits prize of the African Studies Association. He also wrote the Historical Dictionary of Slavery and Abolition (2d edition. Lanham, MD 2014). He has edited Breaking the Chains: Slavery, Bondage and Emancipation in Modern Africa and Asia (Madison, WI 1993), Women and Slavery in Africa (with Clare Robertson, Madison, WI 1983) and Slavery and Colonial Rule in Africa (with Suzanne Miers, London, 1998). He has more recently co-edited with Alice Bellagamba and Sandra E. Greene African Voices on Slavery and the Slave Trade (2 vols., Cambridge, 2013 and 2016), The Bitter Legacy: African Slavery Past and Present (Princeton NJ, 2013) and African Slaves, African Masters: Politics, Memories, Social Life (Trenton, NJ, 2017). Klein has written more than 60 scholarly articles and book chapters, countless book reviews and articles in reference books. He has served as President of the African Studies Association (USA) and the Canadian Association of African Studies and was a recipient of the ASA's Distinguished Africanist Award.
Inhaltsangabe
* 1. Overviews * Slavery in Africa * Africa and Its Diasporas under Slavery * Agricultural Slavery in Africa * Gender and the Study of Slavery and the Slave Trades in Africa * The Indian Ocean and Africa * 2. Ideologies and Policies * Eunuchs * Female Slavery in East and Southeast Africa * Financing the Indian Ocean Slave Trade * Financing the Transatlantic Slave Trade * Ideological and Technological Exchanges in the Early Modern Atlantic * Origins of Slavery in Cabo Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe * Ransoming of Captives and Redemption of Slaves in Sub-Saharan Africa * Ritual Enslavement in West Africa * Secret Knowledge, the Supernatural, and Slavery * Slave and Freed Slave Voices in African Colonial Courts and Liberation Registers * Slavery and State-Building * Slavery in Decentralized Societies * Sugar Plantation Slavery * 3. Changing Patterns of Enslavement and Forms of Slavery * Archaeology and the Heritage of Slavery in Eastern Africa * Archaeology of Slavery in Atlantic West Africa, 1450-1900 * Donas, Nharas, and Signares: Women Slave Traders in Atlantic Africa * Early Slavery in Bantu and Nilotic-speaking Africa: The Evidence from Historical Linguistics * European Slaves in North Africa and North African Slaves in Europe from the Early Modern Period to the 1820s * Forms of Slavery in the Great Lakes States (East Africa) * Plantation Economy and Slavery in the Mascarene Islands (Indian Ocean) * Slave Trade and Urban Slavery on the Swahili Coast from Medieval Times to Abolition * Slavery and Forced Labor in Madagascar * Slavery and Its Legacy in the Comoro Islands * Slavery and the Making of West African Muslim Empires in the 19th Century * Slavery and the Slave Trade in Ethiopia and Eritrea * Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Sokoto Caliphate * Slavery at the Cape * Slavery in East Central Africa * Slavery in Egypt Under the Mamluks * Slavery in Luanda and Benguela * Slavery in Pharaonic and Hellenistic Egypt * Slavery in Senegambia * Slavery in Somalia * Slavery in the Cities of the Interior of West Africa * Slavery in the Mandara Mountains and Lake Chad Basin * Slavery in the Nile Valley (Egypt and the Sudan) * Slavery in the South African Interior during the 19th Century * Slaving in Bantu-Speaking Regions * Southern Sudanese Systems of Slavery * Urban Slavery along the West African Coast * 4. The Slave Trade * African Sailors in the Atlantic World * British Slave Trade in the Atlantic * Central Africa and the Atlantic World * Demography of the Transatlantic Slave Trade * Development of the Early Portuguese Slave Trade and African Responses in Upper Guinea, 1450-1669 * Dutch Slave Trade in the Atlantic, 1600-1800 * Euro-African Trade Relations and Socioeconomic Development in West Africa, 1450-1900 * French Slave Trade * Mechanisms of Enslavement * Middle Passage * 19th Century Slave Trade in Eastern Africa * Political Economy of Textiles in the Atlantic Slave Trade * Portuguese Slave Trade * Red Sea Slave Trade * Slave Trade in Indian Ocean Africa * Slave Trade to and from Madagascar * Trans-Atlantic Trade in African Captives, Enslaved Africans in the Americas, and the Industrial Revolution in England * Trans-Saharan Slave Trade * 5. The Diaspora * African Slaves and the Persian Gulf * Akan Slavery in Africa and the Atlantic * Aquatic Culture in Atlantic Africa and the Diaspora, 1444-1800 * Congo in the Americas and Brazil * Enslaved African Muslims in the Americas * Enslaved Africans in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia * Habshis and Sidis in India * Hausa Diasporas and Slavery in Africa, the Atlantic, and the Muslim World * Igbo Diasporas in Africa and the Atlantic * Rice Cultivation in the History of Slavery * Slave Trades and Diaspora in the Middle East, 700 to 1900 CE * Slavery and the African Diaspora in Spanish America * Slavery in Europe During the Atlantic Slave Trade * 6. Religion and Culture * African Music in the Global African Diaspora * African Religion and Healing in the Atlantic Diaspora * African Religions in Brazil * African Religions in Early America and the United States * African Religions in the Maghreb and the Middle East * Image of the Enslaved African in European Art * Literary Representations of Slavery * 7. Struggles Against Slavery and the Slave Trade * Freedom Suits in the Ibero-Atlantic World * Kisama Sobados in West Central Africa, 16th and 17th Centuries * Maroon Societies in the Americas * Runaway Communities in Central and South Africa * Slavery and Resistance in West Central Africa * Slave-Ship Insurrections * Zanj Revolt in the Abbasid Caliphate (Iraq) * 8. Towards Abolition and Emancipation * British Antislavery and West Africa * Christianity and Abolition in Africa * Global Abolitionist Movements * Islam and Emancipation * Liberated Africans * Routes to Emancipation in East Africa * Routes to Emancipation in Egypt and the Sudan * Routes to Emancipation in Ethiopia * Routes to Emancipation in West Africa * Slavery and Abolitionism in Sierra Leone * Suppression of the Trans-Oceanic Slave Trade * The League of Nations, the International Labour Organization, and Slavery in Africa * 9. Aftermath * African Antislavery Activism * Child Slavery in Africa * Cocoa and Child Slavery in West Africa * Combat Games in the Black Atlantic, 17th-19th Centuries * Diaspora Tourism * Digital Sources for the Slave Trade * Forced Labor in Portuguese Africa * Policy and Practice of Forced Labor in the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo * Post-Slavery * Teaching Slavery and the Slave Trade in Senegal * 10. Biographies * Ahmed Bâba at-Timbuktî * 'Ali Eisami Gazirmabe * Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonine Movement * Crowther, Samuel Ajayi * Equiano, Olaudah (Gustavus Vasa) * Gaspar, Dona Florinda Josefa * Godinho, André do Couto * Kafuxi Ambari of Kisama * Muhammad 'Ali * Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba * Omar ibn Said * Rabih * Said, Nicholas * Samory * Tippu Tip * Zubair Pasha
* 1. Overviews * Slavery in Africa * Africa and Its Diasporas under Slavery * Agricultural Slavery in Africa * Gender and the Study of Slavery and the Slave Trades in Africa * The Indian Ocean and Africa * 2. Ideologies and Policies * Eunuchs * Female Slavery in East and Southeast Africa * Financing the Indian Ocean Slave Trade * Financing the Transatlantic Slave Trade * Ideological and Technological Exchanges in the Early Modern Atlantic * Origins of Slavery in Cabo Verde and São Tomé and Príncipe * Ransoming of Captives and Redemption of Slaves in Sub-Saharan Africa * Ritual Enslavement in West Africa * Secret Knowledge, the Supernatural, and Slavery * Slave and Freed Slave Voices in African Colonial Courts and Liberation Registers * Slavery and State-Building * Slavery in Decentralized Societies * Sugar Plantation Slavery * 3. Changing Patterns of Enslavement and Forms of Slavery * Archaeology and the Heritage of Slavery in Eastern Africa * Archaeology of Slavery in Atlantic West Africa, 1450-1900 * Donas, Nharas, and Signares: Women Slave Traders in Atlantic Africa * Early Slavery in Bantu and Nilotic-speaking Africa: The Evidence from Historical Linguistics * European Slaves in North Africa and North African Slaves in Europe from the Early Modern Period to the 1820s * Forms of Slavery in the Great Lakes States (East Africa) * Plantation Economy and Slavery in the Mascarene Islands (Indian Ocean) * Slave Trade and Urban Slavery on the Swahili Coast from Medieval Times to Abolition * Slavery and Forced Labor in Madagascar * Slavery and Its Legacy in the Comoro Islands * Slavery and the Making of West African Muslim Empires in the 19th Century * Slavery and the Slave Trade in Ethiopia and Eritrea * Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Sokoto Caliphate * Slavery at the Cape * Slavery in East Central Africa * Slavery in Egypt Under the Mamluks * Slavery in Luanda and Benguela * Slavery in Pharaonic and Hellenistic Egypt * Slavery in Senegambia * Slavery in Somalia * Slavery in the Cities of the Interior of West Africa * Slavery in the Mandara Mountains and Lake Chad Basin * Slavery in the Nile Valley (Egypt and the Sudan) * Slavery in the South African Interior during the 19th Century * Slaving in Bantu-Speaking Regions * Southern Sudanese Systems of Slavery * Urban Slavery along the West African Coast * 4. The Slave Trade * African Sailors in the Atlantic World * British Slave Trade in the Atlantic * Central Africa and the Atlantic World * Demography of the Transatlantic Slave Trade * Development of the Early Portuguese Slave Trade and African Responses in Upper Guinea, 1450-1669 * Dutch Slave Trade in the Atlantic, 1600-1800 * Euro-African Trade Relations and Socioeconomic Development in West Africa, 1450-1900 * French Slave Trade * Mechanisms of Enslavement * Middle Passage * 19th Century Slave Trade in Eastern Africa * Political Economy of Textiles in the Atlantic Slave Trade * Portuguese Slave Trade * Red Sea Slave Trade * Slave Trade in Indian Ocean Africa * Slave Trade to and from Madagascar * Trans-Atlantic Trade in African Captives, Enslaved Africans in the Americas, and the Industrial Revolution in England * Trans-Saharan Slave Trade * 5. The Diaspora * African Slaves and the Persian Gulf * Akan Slavery in Africa and the Atlantic * Aquatic Culture in Atlantic Africa and the Diaspora, 1444-1800 * Congo in the Americas and Brazil * Enslaved African Muslims in the Americas * Enslaved Africans in Medieval and Early Modern Iberia * Habshis and Sidis in India * Hausa Diasporas and Slavery in Africa, the Atlantic, and the Muslim World * Igbo Diasporas in Africa and the Atlantic * Rice Cultivation in the History of Slavery * Slave Trades and Diaspora in the Middle East, 700 to 1900 CE * Slavery and the African Diaspora in Spanish America * Slavery in Europe During the Atlantic Slave Trade * 6. Religion and Culture * African Music in the Global African Diaspora * African Religion and Healing in the Atlantic Diaspora * African Religions in Brazil * African Religions in Early America and the United States * African Religions in the Maghreb and the Middle East * Image of the Enslaved African in European Art * Literary Representations of Slavery * 7. Struggles Against Slavery and the Slave Trade * Freedom Suits in the Ibero-Atlantic World * Kisama Sobados in West Central Africa, 16th and 17th Centuries * Maroon Societies in the Americas * Runaway Communities in Central and South Africa * Slavery and Resistance in West Central Africa * Slave-Ship Insurrections * Zanj Revolt in the Abbasid Caliphate (Iraq) * 8. Towards Abolition and Emancipation * British Antislavery and West Africa * Christianity and Abolition in Africa * Global Abolitionist Movements * Islam and Emancipation * Liberated Africans * Routes to Emancipation in East Africa * Routes to Emancipation in Egypt and the Sudan * Routes to Emancipation in Ethiopia * Routes to Emancipation in West Africa * Slavery and Abolitionism in Sierra Leone * Suppression of the Trans-Oceanic Slave Trade * The League of Nations, the International Labour Organization, and Slavery in Africa * 9. Aftermath * African Antislavery Activism * Child Slavery in Africa * Cocoa and Child Slavery in West Africa * Combat Games in the Black Atlantic, 17th-19th Centuries * Diaspora Tourism * Digital Sources for the Slave Trade * Forced Labor in Portuguese Africa * Policy and Practice of Forced Labor in the Congo Free State and the Belgian Congo * Post-Slavery * Teaching Slavery and the Slave Trade in Senegal * 10. Biographies * Ahmed Bâba at-Timbuktî * 'Ali Eisami Gazirmabe * Beatriz Kimpa Vita and the Antonine Movement * Crowther, Samuel Ajayi * Equiano, Olaudah (Gustavus Vasa) * Gaspar, Dona Florinda Josefa * Godinho, André do Couto * Kafuxi Ambari of Kisama * Muhammad 'Ali * Njinga of Ndongo and Matamba * Omar ibn Said * Rabih * Said, Nicholas * Samory * Tippu Tip * Zubair Pasha
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