In recent years there has been an explosion in research on the papillo maviruses. The viral nature of human warts was first suggested 80 years ago by Ciuffo, who demonstrated transmission using cell-free filtrates. Shope described the first papillomavirus over 50 years ago as the etiologic agent in infectious papillomatosis in rabbits. Subsequent studies by Rous established that benign rabbit papillomas induced by this virus could progress to carcinomas when treated with specific nonviral cofactors. Despite these rich beginnings, the papillomavirus field lay virtually dor mant until the late…mehr
In recent years there has been an explosion in research on the papillo maviruses. The viral nature of human warts was first suggested 80 years ago by Ciuffo, who demonstrated transmission using cell-free filtrates. Shope described the first papillomavirus over 50 years ago as the etiologic agent in infectious papillomatosis in rabbits. Subsequent studies by Rous established that benign rabbit papillomas induced by this virus could progress to carcinomas when treated with specific nonviral cofactors. Despite these rich beginnings, the papillomavirus field lay virtually dor mant until the late 1970s because no one was able to propagate these viruses in culture successfully. In the late 1970s the molecular cloning of the papillomavirus genomes permitted investigators to partially cir cumvent this obstacle to their progress. The cloning of the viral genomes permitted the standardization of viral reagents and provided sufficient material to begin a systematic evaluation of the biologyof this group of viruses.Hinweis: Dieser Artikel kann nur an eine deutsche Lieferadresse ausgeliefert werden.
1 Papillomaviruses: General Description, Taxonomy, and Classification.- I. Introduction.- II. Properties of the Virions.- III. Biological Properties.- IV. Classification and Nomenclature.- V. Description of Virus Types.- VI. Evolutionary Aspects.- References.- 2 Animal Papillomas: Historical Perspectives.- I. Canine Oral Papillomatosis.- II. Shope Rabbit Papilloma.- III. Equine Papillomatosis.- IV. Bovine Papillomatosis.- V. Papillomatosis in Sheep.- VI. Oral Papillomatosis of Rabbits.- VII. Deer Fibromatosis.- VIII. European Elk Papillomaviruses.- IX. Viral Papillomatosis in Other Animals.- References.- 3 Organization and Expression of Papillomavirus Genomes.- I. Introduction.- II. General Properties of Papillomavirus Genomes.- III. The Genome of BPV-1.- IV. Comparative Anatomy of Papillomavirus Genomes.- V. Predicted Functions of Papillomavirus Proteins.- VI. Transcriptional Organization of Papillomavirus Genomes.- VII. Conclusions.- References.- 4 The Expression of Papillomaviruses in Epithelial Cells.- I. Introduction.- II. Epithelium and Keratinization.- III. Behavioral Classification of PVs.- IV. Histological Characteristics of PV-Induced Lesions.- V. Transformation.- VI. Vegetative Viral Growth.- VII. Cytopathic Effects.- VIII. Expression of PV in Cultured Keratinocytes.- IX. Expression of PV in Malignant Cells.- X. Conclusions.- References.- 5 Papillomavirus Transformation.- I. Introduction.- II. Transformation Biology.- III. Transcription.- IV. Transforming Functions.- V. Plasmid Maintenance Functions.- VI. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 6 Papillomaviruses and Carcinogenic Progression I: Cottontail Rabbit (Shope) Papillomavirus.- I. Introduction.- II. Biological Properties of the System.- III. Molecular Aspects of the System.- References.- 7 Papillomaviruses and Carcinogenic Progression II: The Mastomys natalensis Papillomavirus.- I. The Animal System.- II. Epithelial Skin Tumors in Mastomys.- III. Identification of MnPV as the Causative Agent of Skin Tumors.- IV. Characterization of the Virus.- V. Persistence of MnPV Genomes in Normal Tissues.- VI. Accumulation of Viral DNA in Normal Skin during Aging.- VII. MnPV Genome Expression in Tumors.- VIII. Induction of MnPV by Tumor Promoters.- IX. Induction of Antibodies against MnPV in Mastomys.- References.- 8 Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis.- I. Introduction.- II. Clinical Aspects of EV.- III. Histology and Ultrastructure of EV Lesions.- IV. Genetic Factors in EV.- V Immunological Factors in EV.- VI. HPV Types Associated with EV.- VII. Role of HPVs in EV Carcinomas.- VIII. HPVs and Skin Neoplasia in Non-EV Patients.- IX. In Vitro Studies on EV HPVs.- X. Questions Raised by EV.- References.- 9 The Role of Papillomaviruses in Human Anogenital Cancer.- I. Introduction and Historical Aspects.- II. Isolation of Genital Papillomaviruses and Their Characterization.- III. Biology of Genital Papillomavirus Infections.- IV. HPV DNA Sequences in Cell Lines.- V. State of Viral DNA in Benign and Malignant Lesions.- VI. Interaction of Papillomavirus Infections with Initiators in Malignant Conversion.- VII. Association of Malignant Tumors with Genital Papillomavirus Infections at Extragenital Sites.- References.- 10 Laryngeal Papillomas: Clinical Aspects and in Vitro Studies.- I. Introduction.- II. Clinical Description.- III. Treatment.- IV. Pathology.- V. Molecular and Cellular Biology.- VI. Laryngeal Papillomas and Laryngeal Cancer.- VII. Major Unanswered Questions.- References.- 11 Papillomavirus Cloning Vectors.- I. Introduction.- II. Transformation by Bovine Papillomavirus.- III.Development of BPV-1 Vectors.- IV. Expression of Genes Cloned on BPV-1.- V. Stability of BPV-1 Recombinants.- VI. Future Directions.- References.- Appendix Sequence Analysis of Papillomavirus Genomes.- Carl C. Baker.- I. Papillomavirus Sequences.- II. Restriction Site Analysis.- III. Genome Organization.- IV. Protein Comparisons.- A. E1 ORF.- B. E2 ORF.- C. E4 ORF.- D. E5 ORF.- E. E6 ORF.- F. E7 ORF.- G. L1 ORF.- H. L2 ORF.- References.
1 Papillomaviruses: General Description, Taxonomy, and Classification.- I. Introduction.- II. Properties of the Virions.- III. Biological Properties.- IV. Classification and Nomenclature.- V. Description of Virus Types.- VI. Evolutionary Aspects.- References.- 2 Animal Papillomas: Historical Perspectives.- I. Canine Oral Papillomatosis.- II. Shope Rabbit Papilloma.- III. Equine Papillomatosis.- IV. Bovine Papillomatosis.- V. Papillomatosis in Sheep.- VI. Oral Papillomatosis of Rabbits.- VII. Deer Fibromatosis.- VIII. European Elk Papillomaviruses.- IX. Viral Papillomatosis in Other Animals.- References.- 3 Organization and Expression of Papillomavirus Genomes.- I. Introduction.- II. General Properties of Papillomavirus Genomes.- III. The Genome of BPV-1.- IV. Comparative Anatomy of Papillomavirus Genomes.- V. Predicted Functions of Papillomavirus Proteins.- VI. Transcriptional Organization of Papillomavirus Genomes.- VII. Conclusions.- References.- 4 The Expression of Papillomaviruses in Epithelial Cells.- I. Introduction.- II. Epithelium and Keratinization.- III. Behavioral Classification of PVs.- IV. Histological Characteristics of PV-Induced Lesions.- V. Transformation.- VI. Vegetative Viral Growth.- VII. Cytopathic Effects.- VIII. Expression of PV in Cultured Keratinocytes.- IX. Expression of PV in Malignant Cells.- X. Conclusions.- References.- 5 Papillomavirus Transformation.- I. Introduction.- II. Transformation Biology.- III. Transcription.- IV. Transforming Functions.- V. Plasmid Maintenance Functions.- VI. Summary and Conclusions.- References.- 6 Papillomaviruses and Carcinogenic Progression I: Cottontail Rabbit (Shope) Papillomavirus.- I. Introduction.- II. Biological Properties of the System.- III. Molecular Aspects of the System.- References.- 7 Papillomaviruses and Carcinogenic Progression II: The Mastomys natalensis Papillomavirus.- I. The Animal System.- II. Epithelial Skin Tumors in Mastomys.- III. Identification of MnPV as the Causative Agent of Skin Tumors.- IV. Characterization of the Virus.- V. Persistence of MnPV Genomes in Normal Tissues.- VI. Accumulation of Viral DNA in Normal Skin during Aging.- VII. MnPV Genome Expression in Tumors.- VIII. Induction of MnPV by Tumor Promoters.- IX. Induction of Antibodies against MnPV in Mastomys.- References.- 8 Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis.- I. Introduction.- II. Clinical Aspects of EV.- III. Histology and Ultrastructure of EV Lesions.- IV. Genetic Factors in EV.- V Immunological Factors in EV.- VI. HPV Types Associated with EV.- VII. Role of HPVs in EV Carcinomas.- VIII. HPVs and Skin Neoplasia in Non-EV Patients.- IX. In Vitro Studies on EV HPVs.- X. Questions Raised by EV.- References.- 9 The Role of Papillomaviruses in Human Anogenital Cancer.- I. Introduction and Historical Aspects.- II. Isolation of Genital Papillomaviruses and Their Characterization.- III. Biology of Genital Papillomavirus Infections.- IV. HPV DNA Sequences in Cell Lines.- V. State of Viral DNA in Benign and Malignant Lesions.- VI. Interaction of Papillomavirus Infections with Initiators in Malignant Conversion.- VII. Association of Malignant Tumors with Genital Papillomavirus Infections at Extragenital Sites.- References.- 10 Laryngeal Papillomas: Clinical Aspects and in Vitro Studies.- I. Introduction.- II. Clinical Description.- III. Treatment.- IV. Pathology.- V. Molecular and Cellular Biology.- VI. Laryngeal Papillomas and Laryngeal Cancer.- VII. Major Unanswered Questions.- References.- 11 Papillomavirus Cloning Vectors.- I. Introduction.- II. Transformation by Bovine Papillomavirus.- III.Development of BPV-1 Vectors.- IV. Expression of Genes Cloned on BPV-1.- V. Stability of BPV-1 Recombinants.- VI. Future Directions.- References.- Appendix Sequence Analysis of Papillomavirus Genomes.- Carl C. Baker.- I. Papillomavirus Sequences.- II. Restriction Site Analysis.- III. Genome Organization.- IV. Protein Comparisons.- A. E1 ORF.- B. E2 ORF.- C. E4 ORF.- D. E5 ORF.- E. E6 ORF.- F. E7 ORF.- G. L1 ORF.- H. L2 ORF.- References.
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