Who has not seen a picture of the Great Pyramid of Egypt, massive in size but deceptively simple in shape, and not wondered how that shape was determined? Starting in the late eighteenth century, eleven main theories were proposed to explain the shape of the Great Pyramid. Even though some of these theories are well known, there has never been a detailed examination of their origins and dissemination. Twenty years of research using original and difficult-to-obtain source material has allowed Roger Herz-Fischler to piece together the intriguing story of these theories. Archaeological evidence…mehr
Who has not seen a picture of the Great Pyramid of Egypt, massive in size but deceptively simple in shape, and not wondered how that shape was determined? Starting in the late eighteenth century, eleven main theories were proposed to explain the shape of the Great Pyramid. Even though some of these theories are well known, there has never been a detailed examination of their origins and dissemination. Twenty years of research using original and difficult-to-obtain source material has allowed Roger Herz-Fischler to piece together the intriguing story of these theories. Archaeological evidence and ancient Egyptian mathematical texts are discussed in order to place the theories in their proper historical context. The theories themselves are examined, not as abstract mathematical discourses, but as writings by individual authors, both well known and obscure, who were influenced by the intellectual and social climate of their time. Among results discussed are the close links of some of the pyramid theories with other theories, such as the theory of evolution, as well as the relationship between the pyramid theories and the struggle against the introduction of the metric system. Of special note is the chapter examining how some theories spread whereas others were rejected. This book has been written to be accessible to a wide audience, yet four appendixes, detailed endnotes and an exhaustive bibliography provide specialists with the references expected in a scholarly work.
Roger Herz-Fischler teaches mathematics at Carleton University.
Inhaltsangabe
Table of Contents for The Shape of the Great Pyramid by Roger Herz-Fischler Acknowledgements Introduction Part I. The Context Chapter 1. Historical and Architectural Context Chapter 2. External Dimensions and Construction Surveyed Dimensions Angle of Inclination of the Faces Egyptian Units of Measurement Building and Measuring Techniques Chapter 3. Historiography Early Writings on the Dimensions Modern Historiographers Part II. One Pyramid, Many Theories Diagrams Chapter 4. A Summary of Theories Definitions of the Symbols-Observered Values A Comparison of the Theories Chapter 5. Seked Theory The Mathematical Description of the Theory Seked Problems in the Rhind Papyrus Archaeological Evidence Early Interpretations of the Rhind Papyrus Petrie Borchardt Philosophical and Practical Considerations Chapter 6. Arris = Side The Mathematical Description of the Theory Herodotus (vth century) Greaves (1641) Paucton (1781) Jomard (1809) Agnew (1838) Fergusson (1849) Becektt (1876) Howards, Wells (1912) Chapter 7. Side : Apothem = 5 : 4 The Mathematical Description of the Theory Plutarch's Isis and Osiris Jomard (1809) Perring (1842) Ramée (1860) Chapter 8. Side : Height = 8 : 5 The Mathematical Description of the Theory Jomard (1809) Agnew (1838) Perring (1840?) Röber (1855) Ramée (1860) Viollet-le-Duc (1863) Garbett, (1866) A.X., (1866) Brunés (1967) Chapter 9. Pi-theory The Mathematical Description of the Theory Egyptian Circle Calculations Agnew (1838) Vyse (1840) Chantrell (1847) Taylor (1859) Herschel (1860) Smyth (1864) Petrie (1874) Beckett (1876) Proctor (1877) Twentieth-Century Authors Chapter 10. Heptagon Theory The Mathematical Description of the Theory Fergusson (1849) Texier (1934) Chapter 11. Kepler Triangle Theory The Mathematical Description of the Theory Kepler Triangle and Equal Area Theories Kepler Triangle, Golden Number, Equal Area Röber (1855) Drach, Garbett (1866) Jarolimek (1890) Neikes (1907) Chapter 12. Height = Golden Number The Mathematical Description of the Theory Röber (1855) Zeising (1855) Misinterpretations of Röber Choisy (1899) Chapter 13. Equal Area Theory The Mathematical Description of the Theory The Passage from Herodotus Agnew (1838) Taylor (1859) Herschel (1860) Thurnell (1866) Garbett (1866) Smyth (1874) Hankel (1874) Beckett and Friend (1876) Proctor (1880) Ballard (1882) Petrie (1883) Twentieth-Century Authors Chapter 14. Slope of the Arris = 9/10 The Mathematical Description of the Theory William Petrie (1867) James and O'Farrell (1867) Smyth (1874) Beckett (1876), Bonwick (1877), Ballard (1882) Flinders Petrie (1883) Texier (1939) Lauer (1944) Chapter 15. Height : Arris = 2 : 3 The Mathematical Description of the Theory Unknown (before 1883) Chapter 16. Additional Theories Part III. Conclusions Chapter 17. Philosophical Considerations Chapter 18. Sociology of the Theories-A Case Study: The Pi-theory The Social and Intellectual Background in Victorian Britian Relationship of the Pi-theory to Other Topics A Profile of the Authors Chapter 19. Conclusions The Sociology of the Theories What Was the Design Principle? Appendices Appendix 1. An Annotated Bibliography Appendix 2. Tombal Superstructures: References and Dimensions Appendix 3. Egyptian Measures Appendix 4. Egyptian Mathematics Appendix 5. Greek and Greek-Egyptian Measures Notes Bibliography/Notes
Table of Contents for The Shape of the Great Pyramid by Roger Herz-Fischler Acknowledgements Introduction Part I. The Context Chapter 1. Historical and Architectural Context Chapter 2. External Dimensions and Construction Surveyed Dimensions Angle of Inclination of the Faces Egyptian Units of Measurement Building and Measuring Techniques Chapter 3. Historiography Early Writings on the Dimensions Modern Historiographers Part II. One Pyramid, Many Theories Diagrams Chapter 4. A Summary of Theories Definitions of the Symbols-Observered Values A Comparison of the Theories Chapter 5. Seked Theory The Mathematical Description of the Theory Seked Problems in the Rhind Papyrus Archaeological Evidence Early Interpretations of the Rhind Papyrus Petrie Borchardt Philosophical and Practical Considerations Chapter 6. Arris = Side The Mathematical Description of the Theory Herodotus (vth century) Greaves (1641) Paucton (1781) Jomard (1809) Agnew (1838) Fergusson (1849) Becektt (1876) Howards, Wells (1912) Chapter 7. Side : Apothem = 5 : 4 The Mathematical Description of the Theory Plutarch's Isis and Osiris Jomard (1809) Perring (1842) Ramée (1860) Chapter 8. Side : Height = 8 : 5 The Mathematical Description of the Theory Jomard (1809) Agnew (1838) Perring (1840?) Röber (1855) Ramée (1860) Viollet-le-Duc (1863) Garbett, (1866) A.X., (1866) Brunés (1967) Chapter 9. Pi-theory The Mathematical Description of the Theory Egyptian Circle Calculations Agnew (1838) Vyse (1840) Chantrell (1847) Taylor (1859) Herschel (1860) Smyth (1864) Petrie (1874) Beckett (1876) Proctor (1877) Twentieth-Century Authors Chapter 10. Heptagon Theory The Mathematical Description of the Theory Fergusson (1849) Texier (1934) Chapter 11. Kepler Triangle Theory The Mathematical Description of the Theory Kepler Triangle and Equal Area Theories Kepler Triangle, Golden Number, Equal Area Röber (1855) Drach, Garbett (1866) Jarolimek (1890) Neikes (1907) Chapter 12. Height = Golden Number The Mathematical Description of the Theory Röber (1855) Zeising (1855) Misinterpretations of Röber Choisy (1899) Chapter 13. Equal Area Theory The Mathematical Description of the Theory The Passage from Herodotus Agnew (1838) Taylor (1859) Herschel (1860) Thurnell (1866) Garbett (1866) Smyth (1874) Hankel (1874) Beckett and Friend (1876) Proctor (1880) Ballard (1882) Petrie (1883) Twentieth-Century Authors Chapter 14. Slope of the Arris = 9/10 The Mathematical Description of the Theory William Petrie (1867) James and O'Farrell (1867) Smyth (1874) Beckett (1876), Bonwick (1877), Ballard (1882) Flinders Petrie (1883) Texier (1939) Lauer (1944) Chapter 15. Height : Arris = 2 : 3 The Mathematical Description of the Theory Unknown (before 1883) Chapter 16. Additional Theories Part III. Conclusions Chapter 17. Philosophical Considerations Chapter 18. Sociology of the Theories-A Case Study: The Pi-theory The Social and Intellectual Background in Victorian Britian Relationship of the Pi-theory to Other Topics A Profile of the Authors Chapter 19. Conclusions The Sociology of the Theories What Was the Design Principle? Appendices Appendix 1. An Annotated Bibliography Appendix 2. Tombal Superstructures: References and Dimensions Appendix 3. Egyptian Measures Appendix 4. Egyptian Mathematics Appendix 5. Greek and Greek-Egyptian Measures Notes Bibliography/Notes
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