" . . . a first-rate piece of scholarship . . . an invaluable summary and commentary on the multilingual literature on [Bushman] people." -Choice The trickster and trance dancer are the guides through Bushman (or San) religion, a world of ambiguity and contradiction, and of enchantment. The two figures, who in Bushman belief are symbolically equivalent and mystically linked, embody these antistructural traits.
" . . . a first-rate piece of scholarship . . . an invaluable summary and commentary on the multilingual literature on [Bushman] people." -Choice The trickster and trance dancer are the guides through Bushman (or San) religion, a world of ambiguity and contradiction, and of enchantment. The two figures, who in Bushman belief are symbolically equivalent and mystically linked, embody these antistructural traits.
Mathias Guenther, Professor of Sociology and anthropology at Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, is the author of The Farm Bushmen of the Ghanzi District, Botswana; The Nharo Bushmen of Botswana: Tradition and Change; and Bushman Folktales :Oral Traditions of the Nharo of Botswana and the Xam of the Cape.
Inhaltsangabe
Prefacei Chapter 1: Introduction: The Challenge of Bushman Religion 1 The Challenge of Bushman Religion 4 Bushman Religion: A Brief Summary9 Notes on Methodology and Orthography10 Chapter 2: Bushman Society15 Nharo Society, 1790's to 1890's17 Nharo Society, 1890's to 1990's25 Bushman Social Organization29 Chapter 3: Values and Individuals50 Values53 The Individual63 Bushman Society's " Struggle of Society against the State"71 Chapter 4: Belief and Cosmology74 The Diversity and Ambiguity of Bushman Belief75 Divinity78 Mantis and Moon Worship?81 Cosmogony: Primal Time84 Cosmology: The Human-Animal Nexus89 Ambiguity of Bushman Religion: Social and Cultural Factors101 Social-Structural Factors:102 Cognitive-Cultural Factors:107 "Foraging for Ideas": The Factor of Acculturation110 Socio-Cultural Change and Bushman Religion118 Chapter 5: The Trickster121 The Trickster's Many Faces124 The Embodiment of Ambiguity128 The Trickster as God139 Gauwa Meets Jesus Christ147 The Abomination of the Trickster God153 Chapter 6: Stories, Story Telling and Story Gathering:160 The Case of the Moon and the Hare Textual Variation of the Myth162 Story Transmission and the Foraging Ethos169 Foraging Ideology or Ideology of Foraging?178 The Text and Its Meaning181 Chapter 7: Myth and Gender185 Gender Relations in Bushman Society187 Gender Relations in Bushman Myth and Lore190 The Equality of Bushmen and Women198 The Limitations of Structural Analysis202 Chapter 8: Initiation Rites207 Female Initiation209 Male Initiation211 Variations214 Male Initiation or Hunting Magic?218 Transition and Transformation219 Transformation, Anti-Structure and Egalitarianism225 Chapter 9: The Trance Dance228 Liminality, Transformation and Transcendence231 The Trance Dance and Cultural Revitalization242 Flexibility, Adaptability and Variability of Bushman Ritual248 Chapter 10: Missionaries and the Bushmen251 The Bushman Mission in the Cape at Colonial Times254 The Failure of the Cape Mission261 Contemporary Missions to Bushmen273 Two Incongruous Belief Systems282 Chapter 11: Conclusion: Bushman Religion and the Tolerance of Ambiguity284 Coping with Ambiguity288 Bushman Society and Religion as Communitas and Anti-Structure298 Do the Bushmen (and Hunter-Gatherers) Have Societies?303 The Analytical and Methodological Challenge of Ambiguity306 References Cited312 Endnotes341 Index352
Prefacei Chapter 1: Introduction: The Challenge of Bushman Religion 1 The Challenge of Bushman Religion 4 Bushman Religion: A Brief Summary9 Notes on Methodology and Orthography10 Chapter 2: Bushman Society15 Nharo Society, 1790's to 1890's17 Nharo Society, 1890's to 1990's25 Bushman Social Organization29 Chapter 3: Values and Individuals50 Values53 The Individual63 Bushman Society's " Struggle of Society against the State"71 Chapter 4: Belief and Cosmology74 The Diversity and Ambiguity of Bushman Belief75 Divinity78 Mantis and Moon Worship?81 Cosmogony: Primal Time84 Cosmology: The Human-Animal Nexus89 Ambiguity of Bushman Religion: Social and Cultural Factors101 Social-Structural Factors:102 Cognitive-Cultural Factors:107 "Foraging for Ideas": The Factor of Acculturation110 Socio-Cultural Change and Bushman Religion118 Chapter 5: The Trickster121 The Trickster's Many Faces124 The Embodiment of Ambiguity128 The Trickster as God139 Gauwa Meets Jesus Christ147 The Abomination of the Trickster God153 Chapter 6: Stories, Story Telling and Story Gathering:160 The Case of the Moon and the Hare Textual Variation of the Myth162 Story Transmission and the Foraging Ethos169 Foraging Ideology or Ideology of Foraging?178 The Text and Its Meaning181 Chapter 7: Myth and Gender185 Gender Relations in Bushman Society187 Gender Relations in Bushman Myth and Lore190 The Equality of Bushmen and Women198 The Limitations of Structural Analysis202 Chapter 8: Initiation Rites207 Female Initiation209 Male Initiation211 Variations214 Male Initiation or Hunting Magic?218 Transition and Transformation219 Transformation, Anti-Structure and Egalitarianism225 Chapter 9: The Trance Dance228 Liminality, Transformation and Transcendence231 The Trance Dance and Cultural Revitalization242 Flexibility, Adaptability and Variability of Bushman Ritual248 Chapter 10: Missionaries and the Bushmen251 The Bushman Mission in the Cape at Colonial Times254 The Failure of the Cape Mission261 Contemporary Missions to Bushmen273 Two Incongruous Belief Systems282 Chapter 11: Conclusion: Bushman Religion and the Tolerance of Ambiguity284 Coping with Ambiguity288 Bushman Society and Religion as Communitas and Anti-Structure298 Do the Bushmen (and Hunter-Gatherers) Have Societies?303 The Analytical and Methodological Challenge of Ambiguity306 References Cited312 Endnotes341 Index352
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