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"¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿"¿¿¿¿¿" Chronic Incompetence at the Helm: Systemic Paralysis Across Two Reigns Biographies of Emperors on History's Downhill Slide.In the perilous times of the Southern Song Dynasty,ascending the throne was difficult,but securing it was even harder. ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ This book selects the two emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty, Emperor Guangzong and Emperor Ningzong, who went from ruling the country to decline, as research objects. It deeply reveals the political and social problems in the middle of the Southern Song Dynasty from the aspects of internal Zen drama, Qingyuan party prohibition, external warfare, and authoritarian rule of the powerful prime minister. It also analyzes the process and reasons why the Southern Song Dynasty of the Guangning and Ningzong dynasties inevitably declined. This book argues that the reversal of the historical trend of the Southern Song Dynasty was formed during the Guangning and Ningtian periods. The decline of imperial power and the transfer of power to the ruling class began during this period. The outbreak of the paper currency credit trend in the early years of Jiading marked the comprehensive imbalance of the social economy of the Southern Song Dynasty. The collapse of the Kaixi Northern Expedition and the financial difficulties of the Jiading Campaign foreshadowed the defeat of the Southern Song Dynasty in the upcoming Song Mongolian War. The precursor of the officialization of Neo Confucianism during the Jiading period reflected the urgency of the ruling class to seek help from new ruling ideologies in the face of social crises. In this revision, the author polished the original wording and writing, enriched the historical theory, and rewrote the first subsection of the fourth section of the fourth chapter on the basis of the old version, and added Appendix 1, which is beneficial for readers to gain an objective and global grasp of the image of Emperor Ningzong and the dictatorship of the two dynasties by Shi Miyuan. ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ ¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿1¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿1¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿