Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. The voiceless retroflex affricate is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. The symbols in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound are [ ], sometimes simplified to [t ], and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is ts''. The affricate occurs in a number of languages; Mandarin Chinese contrasts an aspirated and non-aspirated form (ch and zh respectively), a number of Northwest Caucasian languages have retroflex affricates that contrast in secondary articulations like labialization. Features of the voiceless retroflex affricate:Its manner of articulation is sibilant affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then directing it through a groove in the tongue and over the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequency turbulence
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