Comprehensive resource reviewing the state of the artin wireless identification and sensing systems, proposing several examples of applications While complying with RF standard and regulations, Wireless Identification and Sensing Systems for Harsh and Severe Environments covers the recent advances in wireless and radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems where severe electromagnetic behavior and harsh conditions are taken into consideration, providing the reader with design rules and methodologies to obtain satisfactory performance and avoid the typical oversights and mistakes that can be…mehr
Comprehensive resource reviewing the state of the artin wireless identification and sensing systems, proposing several examples of applications While complying with RF standard and regulations, Wireless Identification and Sensing Systems for Harsh and Severe Environments covers the recent advances in wireless and radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems where severe electromagnetic behavior and harsh conditions are taken into consideration, providing the reader with design rules and methodologies to obtain satisfactory performance and avoid the typical oversights and mistakes that can be made when first approaching this topic. In addition to examples of real implementations, the book gives a general overview of RFID and wireless technologies as well as their pros and cons in terms of expected performance and future directions of technologies. The perspective and evolution towards IoT solutions and artificial intelligence (AI) are pointed out. The book furthermore addresses chipless RFID frameworks from the theoretical perspective as well as that of implementation, including examples from scientific literature and commercial solutions. It also describes surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors in wired and wireless configurations and developments needed to implement the technology. Wireless Identification and Sensing Systems for Harsh and Severe Environments includes discussion of: * Frequency diversity for robust Ultra-High Frequency (UHF)-RFID communication, a key technology for future sensor and actuator devices in the Internet of Things, and harmonic transponders for tracking and sensing * Resonator and reflective delay line configurations, and chipless RFID technology for operations in harsh environments * Potential of battery-less near-field communication (NFC) sensors using mobile phones as readers in severe environments * Chipless RFID channel modeling, considering the spatial multipath channel, 3D bi-static Radar Cross Section (RCS) tag model, and analogue effects Providing comprehensive coverage of the subject and examples of successful implementations of wireless solutions exploiting RFID technologies and enabling systems for the Internet of Things (IoT), Wireless Identification and Sensing Systems for Harsh and Severe Environments is an essential resource for engineers and PhD students in wireless and RFID technologies.
Prof. Smail Tedjini, PhD, is the Founder in 1996 and past Director of the LCIS Lab and is very active in RFID and wireless systems. Now, he is a Project Manager within the ORSYS group that he founded 20 years ago and led until 2014. He co-authored the Wiley title Non-Linearities in Passive RFID Systems: Third Harmonic Concept and Applications (2018). Dr. Valentina Palazzi, PhD, is a Researcher with the High Frequency Electronics Laboratory at the University of Perugia. She was chair of IEEE Microwave Theory and Technique Society (MTT-S) Technical Committee (TC)- 26 "RFID, Wireless Sensor and IoT" for the term 2022-2023.
Inhaltsangabe
List of Contributors xv About the Editors xix Preface xxi Section 1 RFID 1 1 UHF RFID Identification and Sensing for the Industrial Internet of Things (I- IoT) 3 Carolina Miozzi, Sara Amendola, Cecilia Occhiuzzi, and Gaetano Marrocco 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 I- IoT Ecosystem: Architectures and Components 5 1.3 RFID for Product Monitoring at Item- Level 15 1.4 RFID for Plant and Processes Monitoring 20 1.5 Challenges and Countermeasures 30 1.6 Conclusions 34 2 RFID Sensing in Power- Plant Generators and Power Transformers 39 Konstantinos Zannas, Yvan Duroc, and Smail Tedjini 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Harsh Environment 40 2.3 Design and Measurement of RFID Sensor Tag 49 2.4 RFID Sensors: Application in Power Transformers 52 2.5 Conclusion 60 3 Design of Passive UHF RFID Sensors Meeting Food Industry Regulations 65 Benjamin Saggin, Arnaud Vena, Brice Sorli, Valérie Guillard, and Camille Ramade 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 RFID Sensors 66 3.3 Monitoring Food Spoilage 68 3.4 Food Spoilage Sensitive RFID Tag Design 71 3.5 Validation 83 3.6 Conclusion 87 4 Challenges of Using RFID for Outdoor Environmental Monitoring 91 Mathieu Le Breton, Rahul Bhattacharyya, and Mathieu Cassel 4.1 Versatile Data Acquisition Approaches 91 4.2 Weather and Environment Influence 96 4.3 Aquatic Environments 101 4.4 Landslide and Rockfall Detection 111 4.5 Agriculture 114 4.6 Infrastructure 116 4.7 Conclusion on the Main Challenges 118 5 Harmonic Transponders for Tracking and Sensing 133 Valentina Palazzi 5.1 Introduction 133 5.2 Harmonic Backscattering 135 5.3 Frequency Doubler for Harmonic Transponders 137 5.4 One- Bit Harmonic Transponders 141 5.5 Harmonic Tracking Systems 143 5.6 Multi- Bit Harmonic Transponders 144 5.7 Harmonic Tag for Rotation Sensing 147 5.8 Harmonic Tag for Temperature Sensing 148 5.9 Harmonic Tag for Vibration Sensing 150 5.10 Harmonic Tag for Crack Sensing 151 5.11 Harmonic Tags for Buried Items Localization 155 5.12 Conclusion 158 6 Passive Wireless Sensors in Radiation Environments 163 Jasmin Grosinger and Alicja Michalowska-Forsyth 6.1 Introduction 163 6.2 Passive Wireless RFID Sensors 165 6.3 Radiation Environments and Radiation Hardness 177 6.4 RFID Sensors in Radiation Environments 189 6.5 Conclusions 193 6.6 Biographies 194 Section 2 Chipless 203 7 SAW Devices Combining RFID and Sensor Functionalities for Harsh Environments 205 Omar Elmazria, Cécile Floer, Thierry Aubert, and Sami Hage- Ali 7.1 Introduction 205 7.2 Saw Sensor Principle 206 7.3 Principle of Wireless Sensors Including RFID Code 208 7.4 Resonator 209 7.5 Reflective Delay Line (R- DL) 209 7.6 Saw Sensor for Harsh and Severe Environments 211 7.7 Antennas for Harsh Environments 219 7.8 Packaging for Harsh and Severe Environments 220 7.9 Conclusion and Outlooks 223 8 Wireless Sensing for Harsh and Severe Environments Based on Saw Sensors 233 Manuel Monedero, Robert Staraj, and Philippe Le Thuc 8.1 Introduction 233 8.2 State of the Art 234 8.3 Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors 235 8.4 Remote Interrogation System for Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors Based on Differential Mode 240 8.5 Miniature Antenna/Saw Sensors Characterization 244 8.6 Global Modelization of a Wireless Saw Sensor Interrogation System 246 8.7 Conclusion 250 9 Microwave Encoders for Motion Control and Chipless- RFID Applications 255 Ferran Martín, Ferran Paredes, and Amirhossein Karami- Horestani 9.1 Introduction 255 9.2 Working Principle of Microwave Encoders and Case Example 257 9.3 Quasi- Absolute Synchronous Encoders 265 9.4 Chipless- RFID Application 269 9.5 Hybrid Approach 274 9.6 Conclusions 277 10 Chipless RFID Technology for Operations in Harsh Environments 283 Simone Genovesi, Filippo Costa, Michele Borgese, Francesco Alessio Dicandia, and Giuliano Manara 10.1 Introduction 283 10.2 Wireless Sensor Paradigms 286 10.3 Sensors for Space 289 10.4 Oil and Gas 293 10.5 Automotive 295 10.6 Sensors for Industrial Tools Monitoring 300 10.7 Conclusion 306 Section 3 Systems 313 11 Energy- Autonomous Wireless Architectures for Predictive Maintenance in Harsh Closed Applications 315 Alessandra Costanzo, Diego Masotti, Francesca Benassi, and Giacomo Paolini 11.1 Introduction and State of the Art 315 11.2 Transmitter/Receiver Link Analysis and Illuminators Best Positioning Simulations 317 11.3 Design and Realization of the 2.45 GHz RF Power Source 322 11.4 Design of Low- Power Wireless Battery- Less Sensor Nodes 323 11.5 EH and Power Management: Rectification and WPT Performance Characterization 327 11.6 Case Study: Measurement Campaign in the Engine Compartment of a Car 330 11.7 Conclusions 332 12 Implanted NFC Tags: Study of Energy Harvesting and Reading by Means of Smartphones 337 Antonio Lázaro, Martí Boada, Ramón Villarino, and David Girbau 12.1 Introduction 337 12.2 General Considerations on the Proposed Systems 339 12.3 Description of the Two Systems 341 12.4 Experimental Measurements of Implants Using a Commercial Smartphone with NFC 361 References 368 Index 373
List of Contributors xv About the Editors xix Preface xxi Section 1 RFID 1 1 UHF RFID Identification and Sensing for the Industrial Internet of Things (I- IoT) 3 Carolina Miozzi, Sara Amendola, Cecilia Occhiuzzi, and Gaetano Marrocco 1.1 Introduction 3 1.2 I- IoT Ecosystem: Architectures and Components 5 1.3 RFID for Product Monitoring at Item- Level 15 1.4 RFID for Plant and Processes Monitoring 20 1.5 Challenges and Countermeasures 30 1.6 Conclusions 34 2 RFID Sensing in Power- Plant Generators and Power Transformers 39 Konstantinos Zannas, Yvan Duroc, and Smail Tedjini 2.1 Introduction 39 2.2 Harsh Environment 40 2.3 Design and Measurement of RFID Sensor Tag 49 2.4 RFID Sensors: Application in Power Transformers 52 2.5 Conclusion 60 3 Design of Passive UHF RFID Sensors Meeting Food Industry Regulations 65 Benjamin Saggin, Arnaud Vena, Brice Sorli, Valérie Guillard, and Camille Ramade 3.1 Introduction 65 3.2 RFID Sensors 66 3.3 Monitoring Food Spoilage 68 3.4 Food Spoilage Sensitive RFID Tag Design 71 3.5 Validation 83 3.6 Conclusion 87 4 Challenges of Using RFID for Outdoor Environmental Monitoring 91 Mathieu Le Breton, Rahul Bhattacharyya, and Mathieu Cassel 4.1 Versatile Data Acquisition Approaches 91 4.2 Weather and Environment Influence 96 4.3 Aquatic Environments 101 4.4 Landslide and Rockfall Detection 111 4.5 Agriculture 114 4.6 Infrastructure 116 4.7 Conclusion on the Main Challenges 118 5 Harmonic Transponders for Tracking and Sensing 133 Valentina Palazzi 5.1 Introduction 133 5.2 Harmonic Backscattering 135 5.3 Frequency Doubler for Harmonic Transponders 137 5.4 One- Bit Harmonic Transponders 141 5.5 Harmonic Tracking Systems 143 5.6 Multi- Bit Harmonic Transponders 144 5.7 Harmonic Tag for Rotation Sensing 147 5.8 Harmonic Tag for Temperature Sensing 148 5.9 Harmonic Tag for Vibration Sensing 150 5.10 Harmonic Tag for Crack Sensing 151 5.11 Harmonic Tags for Buried Items Localization 155 5.12 Conclusion 158 6 Passive Wireless Sensors in Radiation Environments 163 Jasmin Grosinger and Alicja Michalowska-Forsyth 6.1 Introduction 163 6.2 Passive Wireless RFID Sensors 165 6.3 Radiation Environments and Radiation Hardness 177 6.4 RFID Sensors in Radiation Environments 189 6.5 Conclusions 193 6.6 Biographies 194 Section 2 Chipless 203 7 SAW Devices Combining RFID and Sensor Functionalities for Harsh Environments 205 Omar Elmazria, Cécile Floer, Thierry Aubert, and Sami Hage- Ali 7.1 Introduction 205 7.2 Saw Sensor Principle 206 7.3 Principle of Wireless Sensors Including RFID Code 208 7.4 Resonator 209 7.5 Reflective Delay Line (R- DL) 209 7.6 Saw Sensor for Harsh and Severe Environments 211 7.7 Antennas for Harsh Environments 219 7.8 Packaging for Harsh and Severe Environments 220 7.9 Conclusion and Outlooks 223 8 Wireless Sensing for Harsh and Severe Environments Based on Saw Sensors 233 Manuel Monedero, Robert Staraj, and Philippe Le Thuc 8.1 Introduction 233 8.2 State of the Art 234 8.3 Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors 235 8.4 Remote Interrogation System for Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors Based on Differential Mode 240 8.5 Miniature Antenna/Saw Sensors Characterization 244 8.6 Global Modelization of a Wireless Saw Sensor Interrogation System 246 8.7 Conclusion 250 9 Microwave Encoders for Motion Control and Chipless- RFID Applications 255 Ferran Martín, Ferran Paredes, and Amirhossein Karami- Horestani 9.1 Introduction 255 9.2 Working Principle of Microwave Encoders and Case Example 257 9.3 Quasi- Absolute Synchronous Encoders 265 9.4 Chipless- RFID Application 269 9.5 Hybrid Approach 274 9.6 Conclusions 277 10 Chipless RFID Technology for Operations in Harsh Environments 283 Simone Genovesi, Filippo Costa, Michele Borgese, Francesco Alessio Dicandia, and Giuliano Manara 10.1 Introduction 283 10.2 Wireless Sensor Paradigms 286 10.3 Sensors for Space 289 10.4 Oil and Gas 293 10.5 Automotive 295 10.6 Sensors for Industrial Tools Monitoring 300 10.7 Conclusion 306 Section 3 Systems 313 11 Energy- Autonomous Wireless Architectures for Predictive Maintenance in Harsh Closed Applications 315 Alessandra Costanzo, Diego Masotti, Francesca Benassi, and Giacomo Paolini 11.1 Introduction and State of the Art 315 11.2 Transmitter/Receiver Link Analysis and Illuminators Best Positioning Simulations 317 11.3 Design and Realization of the 2.45 GHz RF Power Source 322 11.4 Design of Low- Power Wireless Battery- Less Sensor Nodes 323 11.5 EH and Power Management: Rectification and WPT Performance Characterization 327 11.6 Case Study: Measurement Campaign in the Engine Compartment of a Car 330 11.7 Conclusions 332 12 Implanted NFC Tags: Study of Energy Harvesting and Reading by Means of Smartphones 337 Antonio Lázaro, Martí Boada, Ramón Villarino, and David Girbau 12.1 Introduction 337 12.2 General Considerations on the Proposed Systems 339 12.3 Description of the Two Systems 341 12.4 Experimental Measurements of Implants Using a Commercial Smartphone with NFC 361 References 368 Index 373
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