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  • Format: ePub

Gallstones are stones which are found in the gallbladder which is a sac that store bile from the liver.
They are made from
1. cholesterol
2. calcium and
3. other substances in the bile.
How are Gallstones formed?
Gallstones are formed when cholesterol and other substances like calcium found in bile combine to form stones.
They are more common in
1. over weight people
2. Females more than males
3. Over the age of forty
What are the symptoms of Gallstones?
Most people with gallstones do not have symptoms.
Symptoms:
1. Mild pain in the upper right part of
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Produktbeschreibung
Gallstones are stones which are found in the gallbladder which is a sac that store bile from the liver.

They are made from

1. cholesterol

2. calcium and

3. other substances in the bile.

How are Gallstones formed?

Gallstones are formed when cholesterol and other substances like calcium found in bile combine to form stones.

They are more common in

1. over weight people

2. Females more than males

3. Over the age of forty

What are the symptoms of Gallstones?

Most people with gallstones do not have symptoms.

Symptoms:

1. Mild pain in the upper right part of the abdomen and also just below the sternum just like gastritis.

2. Pain in the right upper back or shoulder blade area.

3. Pain is worse when you eat.

4. Fever and chills

5. Yellowness of the eyes or skin

6. Dark colored urine

7. Chest pain occurs when the pain radiates to the chest

How are Gallstones diagnosed?

1. Pain in the right side of the abdomen

2. Murphy's sign positive.

A thumb pressing against the right of the epigastrium causes more pain when the patients breathes in deeply

3. An ultrasound of the right side of the abdomen is the best way to find gallstones.

Most gallstones can be detected from the ultrasound.

4. gallbladder scan. A dye is injected into a vein in your arm.

X-rays are taken as the dye moves through your liver, bile duct, gall bladder.

5. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

What are the complications of Gallstones?

A gallstone which is stuck in the bile duct (a tube which leads the bile from the liver to the gallbladder and small intestine) can give rise to complications:

1. Gallbladder inflammation or infection (Cholecystitis)

2. Swelling and inflammation of the Pancreas (pancreatitis)

3. Hepatitis due to reflux of the bile back to the liver

4. Peritonitis (inflammation of the inner lining of the abdomen) if the bile duct or gallbladder perforates or burst.

This is an emergency.

What is the treatment of Gallstones?

If there are no symptoms, treatment is not needed.

If there is mild pain, some pain and antispasmodic medicines are given.

Patient is kept for observation.

If the pain goes away, the gallstone may have become unstuck in the bile duct and pass out into the intestine.

If there is severe pain or recurrence of another attack of pain, it is advisable to have the gallbladder removed.

Normal surgery to remove the gallbladder and the gallstones involve 4 holes in the abdomen and the use of a laparoscopic to cut away the gallbladder followed by stitching.

The surgery is usually very safe and the patient may not need to be hospitalized.

In an emergency, such as perforated gallbladder, immediate surgery may be required to remove the gallbladder and cleared the inner abdomen of leaked bile.

Most people with gallstones do not have symptoms.

Sometimes gallstones may be detected while having tests for other health problems.

Sometimes an ultrasound done on a woman during pregnancy may show gallstones.

What is the prognosis of Gallstones?

The prognosis for patients after surgery is usually good.

The bile will go straight to the intestine from the liver.

Digestion of oily food may not as good as before and are usually not noticeable.

How are gallstones prevented?

Avoid eating too much fat or fried food

Avoid obesity

Avoid the excessive amount of calcium taken

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter 1

Gallstones

Chapter 2

Gallbladder Diseases

Chapter 3

Cholecystitis

Epilogue


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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...