Kenneth Kee

A Simple Guide to Liver Diseases (A Simple Guide to Medical Conditions, #16) (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Jaundice is the symptom of yellowish discoloration of the skin, mucous membrane and sclera due to accumulation of bile pigments in tissues associated with the increase in serum bilirubin level.

Bilirubin is the breakdown product of hemoglobin during the end of life span of a red blood cells.

The types of bilirubin are:
1. unconjugated bilirubin which is toxic, fat soluble and cannot be excreted by the kidneys

2. conjugated bilirubin which the hepatocytes in the liver has conjugated the unconjugated bilirubin and excretes in the bile.

Conjugated bilirubin is water soluble and in high levels is also excreted in the urine as dark tea colored urine.

What are the causes of Jaundice?

The causes of jaundice are:

1. Hemolytic anemia is due to the break up of red blood cells
Here the major form of bile pigment is unconjugated

2. Hepatocellular or liver causes:

a. Acute:
1. viral hepatitis A to F,
2. alcoholism,
3. toxic chemical hepatitis including drugs and
4. bacterial infections such as leptospirosis.

More of conjugated bilirubin at early stages followed by unconjugated bilirubin.

b. Chronic liver cirrhosis - mostly unconjugated bilirubin

3. Obstructive jaundice: mainly conjugated bilirubin accumulates
a.Intrahepatic cholestasis due to drug sensitivity

b. Extra hepatic gallstones, carcinoma of biliary systems or adjacent organs.

What are the effects of Jaundice?

The effects of jaundice:
1. yellowing of the skin and white of eye and mucous membranes like inside of the lips

2. liver enlargement and palpable gallbladder in blockage

3. enlarged spleen especially in hemolytic anemia

4. dark colored urine due to presence of bilirubin in the urine

5. pale stools

6. prolonged tiredness from anemia, loss of blood,

7. encephalopathy from bilirubin affecting the brain

8. nausea and vomiting.

9. poor appetite

Diagnosis of causes:

1. Hemolytic anemia
a. bilirubin raised

b. liver function tests normal

c. urine and stools may be normal except for excess urobilinogen

d. blood hemorrhage tests for hemolytic anemia

2. Hepatocellular
a. liver function test normal except for increased liver enzymes, proteins normal but alkaline phosphates may be raised

b. tests for infections such as hepatitis, mononucleosis, and cytomegalovirus

c. antinuclear antibody

3. Obstructive:

a. liver function tests-conjugated bilirubin raised, liver enzymes raised, alkaline phosphatase raised

b. previous attacks of jaundice

c. biliary colic

Other tests include:
1. Utrasound of liver and gallbladder

2. cholecytograms

3. cholangiography

4. MRI of liver and abdomen

5. liver biopsy

What is the treatment for Jaundice?

Treatment usually includes:
1. supportive treatment like
a. rest

b. adequate fluids

2. adequate nutrition and vitamin B

3. treatment depends on the cause:

a. blood transfusion or platelet transfusion for hemolytic anemia

b. treatment of infections

c. surgery for obstructive lesions

Prognosis:
depends on the underlying cause.

Prevention:
1. Avoid seafood especially cockleshells which may cause hepatitis A

2. Avoid casual sex which can spread hepatitis B and C

3. Avoid reusage of syringes in drug addicts to prevent Hepatitis C and AIDS

4. Avoid medicine which can cause obstructive jaundice.

TABLE OF CONTENT

Chapter 1 Jaundice

Chapter 2 Hepatitis

Chapter 3 Hepatitis A

Chapter 4 Hepatitis B

Chapter 5 Hepatitis C

Chapter 6 Liver Cirrhosis

Chapter 7 Liver Cancer...

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Kenneth Kee
• Erscheinungstermin: 13. November 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781301882984
• Artikelnr.: 75905152

Autorenporträt

Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...