Analysis with Supercritical Fluids: Extraction and Chromatography (eBook, PDF)

Redaktion: Wenclawiak, Bernd

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) and supercritical extraction (SFE) are new and powerful tools for all branches of analytical chemistry. These methodologies are now being transfered from research into routine laboratories e.g. in the fields of environmental chemistry, biochemistry, drug research and food chemistry. SFC and SFE techniques are of high interest to the laboratories in industry, research institutions, and universities.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
• Seitenzahl: 214
• Erscheinungstermin: 6. Dezember 2012
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9783642774744
• Artikelnr.: 53390361

Inhaltsangabe

1 SFC and SFE: An Introduction for Novices.- 2 Physico-Chemical Principles of Supercritical Fluid Separation Processes.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 Physico-Chemical Properties of Pure Supercritical Solvents.- 2.3 Phase Equilibria of Fluid Mixtures.- 2.4 Physico-Chemical Applications of Sfc.- References.- 3 Basic Principles of Analytical Supercritical Fluid Extraction.- 3.1 The Development of Analytical SFE.- 3.2 Fluid Properties in SFE.- 3.3 Optimizing Experimental Conditions For Analytical SFE.- 3.4 The Relevance of Sfc-Derived Data To Analytical SFE.- 3.5 The Practice of Analytical SFE.- 3.6 Sample Matrix Effects in SFE.- 3.7 Problems and Future Research Needs in Analytical SFE.- References.- 4 Coupled Supercritical Fluid Extraction-Capillary Gas Chromatography (SFE-GC).- 4.1 introduction.- 4.2 Performing SFE-GC.- 4.3 Abilities and Limitations of Split and On-Column SFE-GC.- 4.4 Summary.- References.- 5 Gradients in SFC.- 5.1 Overview.- 5.2 Temperature Gradients.- 5.3 Pressure Gradients.- 5.4 Density Gradients.- 5.5 Velocity Gradients.- 5.6 References.- 6 injection Techniques in SFC.- 6.1 introduction.- 6.2 The Physical State of The Sample.- 6.3 introduction of Supercritical Fluid Extracts.- 6.4 introducing a Solution.- 6.5 Peak Focusing.- 6.6 Direct injection.- 6.7 Open Split (Dynamic Split) injection.- 6.8 Timed Split injection.- 6.9 Solvent Effects on Peak Shape.- 6.10 Solvent Venting with A Precolumn.- 6.11 Solvent Backflush.- 6.12 Solvent Venting with Gas Purging.- 6.13 Sample Losses in The injector.- References.- 7 Stationary Phases For Packed Column Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.- 7.1 introduction.- 7.2 Physical Properties of Column Packings.- 7.3 influence of Substrate Morphology on The Properties of Chemically Bonded Phases in SFC.- 7.4 influence of SurfaceHeterogeneity on The Properties of Chemically Bonded Phases.- 7.5 Macroporous Polymeric Packings.- 7.6 Column Packings Used For Special Applications.- 7.7 Conclusions.- References.- 8 Enantiomer Separation By Capillary Supercritical Fluid Chromatography.- 8.1 introduction.- 8.2 General Aspects.- 8.3 Packed Column SFC.- 8.4 Open Tubular Column SFC.- 8.5 Conclusion.- References.- 9 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.- 9.1 introduction.- 9.2 Early investigations of SFC/MS.- 9.3 SFC/MS Using Direct introduction interfaces.- 9.4 SFC/MS Using High-Flow-Rate interfaces.- 9.5 Supercritical Fluid injection/Mass Spectrometry.- 9.6 Conclusion.- References.- 10 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography with FT-IR Detection.- 10.1 introduction.- 10.2 Flow Cell Approach.- 10.3 Solvent Elimination Approach.- 10.4 Summary.- References.- 11 Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy with Supercritical Fluids.- 11.1 introduction.- 11.2 Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy.- 11.3 High Pressure Fluid injection For Nonvolatile Samples.- 11.4 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography and Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy.- 11.5 Conclusions.- References.- Basic References Analytical Scale SFC/SFE.- Recommended Literature.