Kenneth Kee

Bone Infection, (Osteomyelitis) A Simple Guide To The Condition, Diagnosis, Treatment And Related Conditions (eBook, ePUB)

• Format: ePub

Produktbeschreibung

Osteomyelitis is an infection of the bone or bone marrow by pyogenic bacteria and fungus.
Osteomyelitis indicates the infection of the bone or bone marrow which may spread to the bone cortex and periosteum through the Haversian canals.
It leads to inflammatory destruction of the bone and if the periosteum is affected, necrosis.
When dead bone is detached from healthy bone, it is termed a sequestrum.
A large sequestrum that stays in the tissue becomes a focus for ongoing infection.
An involucrum indicates viable periosteum that is separated from the underlying bone and which develops new bone around it.
Osteomyelitis may be acute or chronic (becoming worse over months or even years) and can be further classified into two main subgroups:
1. Hematogenous osteomyelitis
This is an infection occurring from hematological bacterial seeding from a remote infection.
2. Direct (contiguous) osteomyelitis
This form of infection happens where there is direct contact of infected tissue with bone such as during a surgical procedure or after traumatic injury.
Medical signs are likely to be more localized and there are often multiple organisms affected.
The causes of Osteomyelitis are
1. Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (80%) including strains of meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA).
2. Streptococci Group A & B
3. Enterobacter species
4. Haemophilus influenzae
5. Proteus spp.
6. Pseudomonas spp.
7. Pneumococci
8. Salmonellae
9. Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp.
10. Mycobacteria.
Systemic mycotic (fungal) infections may also produce osteomyelitis.
1. Blastomyces dermatitidis
2. Coccidioides immitis.
The most frequent site of infection is the distal femur and the proximal tibia in children and cancellous bone in adults.
Eventually any bone may be involved
In children,
1. The long bones are normally involved in children.
2. Spread of bacteria happens from the bloodstream from a skin boil, dental abscess, direct injury to the bone.
In adults
1. Injury to the bone is the most frequent cause.
The bone injury is normally exposed to local infection in the skin or environment
Symptoms:
1. Pain and swelling of the bone
2. Fever
3. Toxemia
Signs:
1. Hot tender bones
2. Throbbing pain of bones
3. Abscess and swelling
Blood cultures are compulsory and positive in 60% of cases
Bone cultures (or curettage where there are linked ulcers) give the gold standard for diagnosis, with a positive test in 90% of patients.
MRI is the imaging method of choice for investigation of acute osteomyelitis
Radiological results revealing an osteolytic center with a ring of sclerosis is diagnostic
Acute infections can be treated at first with extensive surgical cleaning linked with antibiotic treatment lasting four to six weeks.
Chronic infections should be managed with extensive surgical debridement, removal of any implants and antibiotic treatment lasting three to six months
Intravenous treatment is given at first and also over any surgical period up to 2 weeks after surgery.
The change to oral therapy may occur once the medical condition stabilizes, the inflammatory markers are decreasing and there are good microbiology results.
It is normally proper to delay treatment until culture and sensitivity results are received
The standard antibiotic treatment is six weeks of parenteral antibiotic treatment.
The optimal period of treatment for chronic osteomyelitis is normally 6 months
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy has helped in the treatment of refractory osteomyelitis.
Immobilization of the bone affected (bed rest, plaster casts, and splints) is useful
Osteomyelitis may also require surgical debridement to remove pus and damaged bone tissues.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Bone Infection (Osteomyelitis)
Chapter 2 Causes...

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: Kenneth Kee
• Erscheinungstermin: 25. März 2017
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781370299751
• Artikelnr.: 48004427

Autorenporträt

Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...