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  • Format: ePub

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a non-inherited, non-infectious chronic medical disorder that is characterized by a burning intra-oral painful sensation.
The burning sensation can be serious, as though the patient has scalded the mouth.
Burning mouth syndrome can occur suddenly or develop slowly over time.
This burning sensation can involve the tongue, gums, lips and buccal mucosa either individually or collectively.
The tongue is the most often involved location.
BMS is also known as burning tongue syndrome, oral dysesthesia, glossodynia and glossopyrosis.
BMS is more
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Produktbeschreibung
Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a non-inherited, non-infectious chronic medical disorder that is characterized by a burning intra-oral painful sensation.
The burning sensation can be serious, as though the patient has scalded the mouth.
Burning mouth syndrome can occur suddenly or develop slowly over time.
This burning sensation can involve the tongue, gums, lips and buccal mucosa either individually or collectively.
The tongue is the most often involved location.
BMS is also known as burning tongue syndrome, oral dysesthesia, glossodynia and glossopyrosis.
BMS is more frequent in women.
About one in three women have symptoms of BMS following the menopause.
Causes
Unfortunately, the cause often can not be found.
The cause of burning mouth syndrome can be categorized as either primary or secondary.
When no medical or laboratory abnormalities have been identified, the disorder is called primary or idiopathic burning mouth syndrome.
Primary burning mouth syndrome is believed to be linked to disorders with taste and sensory nerves of the peripheral or central nervous system.
Secondary burning mouth syndrome is produced by an underlying medical disorder.
Underlying disorders that may be linked to secondary burning mouth syndrome are:
1. Dry mouth (xerostomia)
2. Oral medical disorders, such as oral candida, oral lichen planus or geographic tongue
3. Nutritional deficiencies, such as inadequate iron, zinc, folate, thiamin, riboflavin,pyridoxine and cobalamin
4. Dentures, particularly if they do not fit well
5. Allergies to foods, food flavorings, other food additives, fragrances, dyes or dental-work substances
6. Reflux of stomach acid (GERD) entering the mouth from the stomach
7. Certain medicines, especially high blood pressure medicines
8. Oral habits, such as tongue thrusting, biting the tip of the tongue and teeth grinding
9. Endocrine disorders, such as diabetes or hypothyroidism
10. Excessive mouth irritation, resulting from over brushing the tongue
11. Psychological factors, such as anxiety, depression or stress
Diagnosis
There is no one test that can diagnose if the patient have burning mouth syndrome
Blood tests can check the full blood count, glucose level, thyroid and liver function, nutritional factors (, iron, folate, B12, zinc) and immune function, all of which may provide clues about the source of the mouth discomfort.
Oral cultures or biopsies
Allergy tests
Salivary measurements
Gastric reflux tests
The doctor may advise an MRI, CT scan or other imaging tests to check for other health disorders.
Temporarily stopping medicine to see if the discomfort goes away
Psychological questionnaires
Doctors believe that primary BMS is caused by damage to the nerves that control pain and taste
Treatment
Treatment may not be easy if there is no organic cause.
It is essential to treat any underlying disorders
Primary BMS treatment can be classified into lifestyle and drug treatments.
Patients with BMS normally benefit from reassurance and a combination of one or more of the treatments mentioned.
An essential part of BMS is to reassure the patient that they do not have cancer.
1. Cognitive behavioral therapy.
2. Benzydamine mouthwash.
3. Betnesol mouthwash
4. Antidepressants
5. Capsaicin
For secondary burning mouth syndrome, treatment is dependent on any underlying disorders that may be producing the mouth discomfort.
The replacement of poorly fitting dentures or taking supplements for a vitamin deficiency may alleviate the discomfort.
The doctor can prescribe medicine to help the patient treat mouth pain, dry mouth, or other symptoms.

TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Burning Mouth Syndrome
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognos...


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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...