Melanie Killen, Adam Rutland

Children and Social Exclusion (eBook, PDF)

Morality, Prejudice, and Group Identity

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Children and Social Exclusion: Morality, Prejudice, and Group Identity explores the origins of prejudice and the emergence of morality to explain why children include some and exclude others.

• Formulates an original theory about children's experiences with exclusion and how they understand the world of discrimination based on group membership
• Brings together Social Domain Theory and Social Identity Theory to explain how children view exclusion that often results in prejudice, and inclusion that reflects social justice and morality
• Presents new research data consisting of in-depth interviews from childhood to late adolescence, observational findings with peer groups, and experimental paradigms that test how children understand group dynamics and social norms, and show either group bias or morality
• Illustrates data with direct quotes from children along with diagrams depicting their social understanding
• Presents new insights about the origins of prejudice and group bias, as well as morality and fairness, drawn from extensive original data

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Erscheinungstermin: 23. Februar 2011
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9781444396294
• Artikelnr.: 38455452

Autorenporträt

Melanie Killen is Professor of Human Development, Professor of Psychology (Affiliate), and Associate Director for the Center for Children, Relationships, and Culture at the University of Maryland. She is a Fellow of both the American Psychological Association and the Association for Psychological Science. She is also a recipient of the Distinguished Scholar-Teacher Award by the Provost from the University of Maryland. Her book with Dan Hart, Morality in Everyday Life: Developmental Perspectives (1995), received the outstanding book award from AERA, and her book with Sheri Levy, Intergroup Attitudes and Relations from Childhood to Adulthood, received an Honorable Mention for the Otto Klineberg Memorial Prize from SPSSI. Her research examines the development of morality, intergroup attitudes, exclusion and inclusion, peer relationships, prejudice, culture, and how social experience is related to social-cognitive development.

Adam Rutland is Professor of Developmental Psychology at the Child Development Unit and Centre for the Study of Group Processes in the School of Psychology at the University of Kent. Previously he has been a British Academy Post-doctoral Fellow at the University of Surrey and been a member of Faculty at the University of Aberdeen. His research examines the development of children's prejudice and social identities. He has conducted recent research into when and how children learn to self-present their explicit attitudes; how intergroup contact can reduce children's prejudice; children's exclusion of peers within groups and acculturation amongst ethnic minority children.

Inhaltsangabe

Series Editor's Preface xi
Preface xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction: Exclusion and Inclusion in Children's Lives 1
Theories of Social Cognition, Social Relationships, and Exclusion 3
Types of Exclusion 6
Goals of the Book 7
Summary 7
Chapter 2 The Emergence of Morality in Childhood 9
Morality in Childhood 10
What Morality is Not 10
Criteria, Definitions, and Measurements of Morality 11
Morality Encompasses Judgment, Emotions, Individuals, and Groups 12
Social Precursors of Moral Judgment 13
Moral Judgment and Interaction in Childhood 19
Morality as Justice 23
Social Domain Model of Social and Moral Judgment 25
Moral Generalizability 30
Morality in the Context of Other Social Concepts: Multifaceted Events 32
Morality and Theory of Mind 34
Morality and Social-Cognitive Development 35
Summary 35
Chapter 3 Emergence of Social Categorization and Prejudice 37
Social Categorization as a Precursor of Prejudice 38
Explicit Biases in Young Children 44
Cognitive Developmental Approach to Prejudice Development 47
Development of Implicit Biases 50
Relation of Implicit Bias to Judgment and Behavior: Is it Prejudice? 53
Summary 57
Chapter 4 Group Identity and Prejudice 59
Is Group Identity Good or Bad? 60
Social Identity Theory 62
Social Identity Development Theory 64
Theory of Social Mind and the Control of Prejudice 68
Moral or Group Norms and the Control of Prejudice 70
Processes Underlying the Control of Prejudice 73
Developmental Subjective Group Dynamics 77
Morality and Group Identity 81
Summary 84
Chapter 5 What We Know about Peer Relations and Exclusion 86
Intrapersonal and Interpersonal Exclusion: Social Traits and Individual
Differences 87
Intragroup and Intergroup Exclusion: Ingroup/Outgroup Identity 90
Social Reasoning and Exclusion 92
Gender Exclusion in Early Childhood: Okay or Unfair? 94
Comparing Gender and Racial Exclusion: Group Goals and Qualifications 97
Interviewing Ethnic Minority and Majority Children and Adolescents about
Exclusion 100
Social Reasoning about Exclusion in Adolescence: Crowds, Cliques, and
Networks 108
Social Reasoning about Sexual Prejudice 108
Exclusion in Interracial Encounters: Lunch Table, Birthday Parties, and
Dating 109
Gender Exclusion in the Family Context: Children's Views about Parental
Expectations 113
Summary 116
Chapter 6 Intragroup and Intergroup Exclusion: An In-depth Study 118
Group Dynamics: Conceptions of Groups in the Context of Exclusion 118
Group Dynamics: Group Identity, Group-Specific Norms, Domain-Specific Norms
119
Group-Specific Norms 123
Deviance in Social Groups 123
Group Identity 124
Implications for Group Identity in Childhood 132
Summary 132
Chapter 7 Peer Exclusion and Group Identity Around the World: The Role of
Culture 134
Cultural Context of Exclusion 136
Long-Standing Intergroup Cultural Conflicts 137
Cultures with Intractable and Violent Conflict 138
Recently Immigrated Groups 143
Intergroup Exclusion Based on Indigenous Groups 151
Summary 152
Chapter 8 Increasing Inclusion, Reducing Prejudice, and Promoting Morality
154
Intergroup Contact and Reducing Prejudice 156
Intergroup Contact and Children 157
Cross-group Friendships and Prejudice 158
Intergroup Contact and Minority Status Children 163
Reducing Implicit Biases through Intergroup Contact 165
Reducing Prejudice through Extended Intergroup Contact 166
Promoting Inclusion through the Mass Media 171
Intergroup Contact and Promoting Moral Reasoning in Children 174
Multicultural Education and Social Exclusion 176
Factors that Reduce Childhood Bias 178
Summary 180
Chapter 9 Integration of Morality, Prejudice, and Group Identity: A New
Perspective on Social Exclusion 181
Theories about Peer Relationships 181
Theories about Social Exclusion 183
Children as Active Participants 185
Judgments, Beliefs, Attitudes, Attributions of Emotions, and Behavior 187
Implicit and Indirect Measures of Prejudice and Exclusion 190
An Integrative Social-Cognitive Developmental Perspective on Social
Exclusion 191
Social Experience Factors that Promote Inclusion 192
Exclusion and Prejudice 193
Summary 193
References 197
Index 223

Rezensionen

"Killen and Rutland provide expert broad-ranging reviewsof relevant theories, research, and interventions and conclude withan integrative framework for understanding and addressing peerexclusion." (Journal of Applied DevelopmentalPsychology, 2012)"Highly recommended. Upper-division undergraduates through facultyand professionals." (Choice, 1 November 2011)

"In sum, as we continue to understand and decipher thedevelopment of exclusion and inclusion in children, the frameworkprovided by Killen and Rutland will be an unequivocal guide andimpetus for a myriad of empirical studies in the human developmentfield. After reading this impressive book, I believe the future ofscholarship in this area (and our collective future) is bright andexciting!" (Human Development Journal, 2013)This is an outstanding book. Through their masterful integration ofdevelopmental and social psychological theories and research,Killen and Rutland have made a major contribution to ourunderstanding of children's morality, social identity, exclusion,and intergroup relationships. This very engaging book is amust-read for scholars and others interested in these important andtimely topics.
--Judi Smetana, University of Rochester

This book makes important and unique contributions to the studyof intergroup relations, morality, and social development. The authors, who are distinguished scholars in this area, introduceoriginal insights that synthesize past research and will guideresearch in this area for many years to come.
--John F. Dovidio, Yale University

This excellent book offers a sweeping treatment of a problemthat all people either experience or fear at some time in theirlives: social exclusion. The authors examine the problem from adevelopmental perspective, offering a comprehensive account of theroots, effects, and broader significance of social exclusionduring childhood. This original, integrative account now stands asthe definitive work on this familiar dimension of children's socialdevelopment.
-- William Damon, Stanford University

Killen and Rutland have done an extraordinary job illuminating acritical phenomenon: when and why children exclude other children.This topic has never been more important, and their book isscholarly, fascinating, wise, and extremely valuable. It is amust-read for everyone interested in understanding how to worktoward a just society.
--Carol Dweck, Stanford University