This New Town became a vast idealised reality, which could only have been achieved in a Scotland that was and remains essentially feudal. All the lands surrounding the walls of the old city were the inherited properties of a few aristocratic families who were able, free of constraint, to sustain a succession of developments for over 80years, creating a continual stream of wealth for the landowners and their successors, and in the process producing extreme poverty for those left behind.
By the mid-nineteenth century, a very different reality emerged out of the need to accommodate the poor and the rising workforce in the city's new industries. This resulted in street after street of monotonous, identical tenements, a joyless demeaning world in stark contrast to the lively grandeur of the housing in the New Town. The medieval tenements of city's old High Street were once called 'slums built to last a thousand years', and in many ways the extensive tenements of the industrial city from the nineteenth and twentieth century can equally be said to represent the prospect of people divided for a thousand years. It will be argued that such division are unavoidable and can be found in many cities, but it is the extent and the willfulness of the planning that makes the Edinburgh example so potent.
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