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Dyspepsia (Indigestion) is a mild medical disorder presenting with discomfort in the upper abdomen after taking food.
Dyspepsia (Indigestion) is a sensation of discomfort in the upper belly or abdomen during or right after eating often accompanied by heartburn, nausea, regurgitation and flatulence.
Dyspepsia normally happens when people eat too much, too fast, or eats foods that do not agree with them.
Most patients with recurring dyspepsia are caused by:
1. Non-ulcer dyspepsia
Other causes for dyspepsia such as duodenal or stomach ulcer, acid reflux, inflamed esophagus
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Produktbeschreibung
Dyspepsia (Indigestion) is a mild medical disorder presenting with discomfort in the upper abdomen after taking food.
Dyspepsia (Indigestion) is a sensation of discomfort in the upper belly or abdomen during or right after eating often accompanied by heartburn, nausea, regurgitation and flatulence.
Dyspepsia normally happens when people eat too much, too fast, or eats foods that do not agree with them.
Most patients with recurring dyspepsia are caused by:
1. Non-ulcer dyspepsia
Other causes for dyspepsia such as duodenal or stomach ulcer, acid reflux, inflamed esophagus (esophagitis), gastritis, etc have been excluded..
The inside of the gastrointestinal tract appears normal.
It is the most common form of dyspepsia.
The cause is not obvious, although infection with a bacterium (germ) called Helicobacter pylori (commonly just called H.pylori) may be responsible.
2. Duodenal and stomach (gastric) ulcers
Peptic ulcer disease is a hole in the innermost layer of the wall of the stomach or of the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine connected to the stomach).
Too much production and escape of the acidic gastric juice can cause burns into the protective lining of the stomach and induce inflammation of the underlying stomach tissue.
An ulcer is where the lining of the gastrointestinal tract is injured and the underlying tissue is exposed.
The causes of excess production of gastric acid are:
a. Most common is stress and anxiety that automatically raise the production of the acid as a result of sympathetic nervous response.
b. Hereditary- some gastric patient has a family history of gastric problem.
c. Irregular meals tend to produce more acidic gastric juice to form at regular meal time.
d. Alcohol and smoking has been linked with higher acid formation
e. Drugs:
Aspirin and other painkillers belonging to the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) tends to irritate the stomach inner lining
Dyspepsia may be activated by:
1. Drinking too much alcohol
2. Eating spicy, fatty, or greasy foods
3. Eating too much (overeating)
4. Eating too fast
5. Emotional stress or nervousness
6. High-fiber foods
7. Tobacco smoking
8. Too much caffeine
Dyspepsia may be diagnosed through one or more medical tests:
1. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
2. Urea breath test can also detect whether the patient have H.pylori infection
Treatment:
1. Altering the way the patient eat (too fast or too much) may reduce the symptoms.
2. Permit enough time for meals.
3. Chew food carefully and completely.
4. Avoid quarrels during meals.
5. Avoid over-excitement or exercise right after a meal.
6. A calm environment and rest may help improve stress-related indigestion.
7. Avoid aspirin and other NSAIDs.
If the patient must take them, he or she must take them on a full stomach.
B. Medications
1. Medications the patient can buy without a prescription such as ranitidine (Zantac) and omeprazole (Prilosec OTC) can relieve symptoms.
2. Antacids will neutralize the stomach acid and help reduce symptoms and improve healing.
Stomach acid causes irritation of the inflamed tissue in the stomach.
3. If the ulcer is induced by aspirin or NSAID's, the doctor would definitely ask the patient to stop these medicines and the patient would be given acid reducing medicines (omeprazole, lansoprazole, cimetidine, famotidine, ranitidine,) which reduce acid productions and increase ulcer healing process.
4. If the ulcer is induced by Helicobacter pylori, the doctor would give triple therapy (three drugs) to kill the bacteria.
TABLE OF CONTENT
Introduction
Chapter 1 Dyspepsia (Indigestion)
Chapter 2 Causes
Chapter 3 Symptoms
Chapter 4 Diagnosis
Chapter 5 Treatment
Chapter 6 Prognosis
Chapter 7 Digestive Process
Chapter 8 Digestive Diseases
Epilogue


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Autorenporträt
Dr. Kenneth Kee is a well-known medical doctor from Singapore who has been practicing medicine since 1972.
He graduated from the University of Singapore and furthered his studies with a Master of Science in Health Management in 1991, followed by a Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration in 1993.
Dr. Kee established Kee Clinic in 1974, located in the Holland Drive area of Singapore. The clinic has been a prominent feature of the community, offering general medical services for 5 decades.
Dr Kee also served his country Singapore as a national service police Inspector at night from 1975 to 1985 while working at his clinic during the day.
He had served as a police guard to the Woodland Petroleum Tanks at night during the Indonesian Confrontation period, took part in police rounds at night in the Beach Road area and taught First aid and emergency resuscitation to Police recruits.
He received the Singapore Police Bicentennial 2020 Medallion on 1st March 2024 as recognition for his work in the Singapore Police.
Even as he grew older, Dr. Kee continued to work actively in his clinic, although he eventually reduced his consultation hours.
Beyond his medical career, Dr. Kee is also an author.
He started writing about medical conditions in 2007, using blogs and other online platforms to share his knowledge with a broader audience.
Over time, he published various books, many of which provide simple and accessible guides to different health conditions.
His works include "A Family Doctor's Tale," "My Personal Singapore History," and numerous medical guides, available through platforms like Amazon.
His books often combine his personal experiences as a family doctor with insights into Singapore's healthcare system and history.
Dr. Kee has written extensively on health topics, contributing to both medical literature and general knowledge resources.

Dr. Kenneth Kee has written numerous books, primarily focused on health education and personal experiences as a family doctor. Some of his notable titles include:
"A Family Doctor's Tale"
This book is a blend of Dr. Kee's personal experiences and his reflections on being a family doctor in Singapore. It's a great choice if you're looking for a narrative that combines both medical knowledge and human stories.
"Specialized Medical Conditions"
Books like **"Congestive Heart Failure: Diagnosis and Treatment"** focus on specific conditions, offering in-dept...