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The liberatory sentiment that stoked the Arab Spring and saw the ousting of long-time Egyptian dictator Hosni Mubarak seems a distant memory. Democratically elected president Mohammad Morsi lasted only a year before he was forced from power to be replaced by precisely the kind of authoritarianism protestors had been railing against in January 2011. Paradoxically, this turn of events was encouraged by the same liberal activists and intelligentsia who'd pushed for progressive reform under Mubarak. This volume analyses how such a key contingent of Egyptian liberals came to develop outright…mehr
The liberatory sentiment that stoked the Arab Spring and saw the ousting of long-time Egyptian dictator Hosni Mubarak seems a distant memory. Democratically elected president Mohammad Morsi lasted only a year before he was forced from power to be replaced by precisely the kind of authoritarianism protestors had been railing against in January 2011. Paradoxically, this turn of events was encouraged by the same liberal activists and intelligentsia who'd pushed for progressive reform under Mubarak. This volume analyses how such a key contingent of Egyptian liberals came to develop outright illiberal tendencies. Interdisciplinary in scope, it brings together experts in Middle East studies, political science, philosophy, Islamic studies and law to address the failure of Egyptian liberalism in a holistic manner from liberalism's relationship with the state, to its role in cultivating civil society, to the role of Islam and secularism in the cultivation of liberalism. A work of impeccable scholarly rigour, Egypt and the Contradictions of Liberalism reveals the contemporary ramifications of the state of liberalism in Egypt.
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Autorenporträt
Dalia Fahmy is Assistant Professor of Political Science at Long Island University. She lives in New Jersey. Daanish Faruqi is a PhD candidate in History at Duke University, North Carolina.
Inhaltsangabe
1 Egyptian liberals, from revolution to counterrevolution Daanish Faruqi and Dalia F. Fahmy Introduction The genealogies of Egyptian liberalism Structure of the argument Conclusion: Is liberalism contradictory? SECTION I: LIBERALISM AND THE EGYPTIAN STATE 2 Egypt’s structural illiberalism: How a weak party system undermines participatory politics Dalia F. Fahmy The party system in Egypt Elections in Egypt and why they matter The parliament as a site of contestation Political parties after the revolution: A liberal possibility Participatory politics under SCAF and the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood The 2015 parliament: The political consolidation of authoritarian rule Conclusion 3 Nasser’s comrades and Sadat’s brothers: Institutional legacies and the downfall of the Second Egyptian Republic Hesham Sallam The failure of contingent consent Institutional legacies and the limitations of agency-centered narratives The origins of the political field Conclusion 4 (De)liberalizing judicial independence in Egypt Sahar F. Aziz The three prongs of liberalism: Private, political, and legal liberty The liberal roots of Egypt’s judiciary Incremental deliberalization in the Mubarak era A counterrevolution in the courts Conclusion SECTION II: LIBERALISM AND EGYPTIAN CIVIL SOCIETY 5 The authoritarian state’s power over civil society Ann M. Lesch The structures of authoritarianism The post-25 January military regime Mohammad Morsi’s contradictory policies General Sisi’s constriction of the public space The consolidation of authoritarian control 6 Myth or reality?: The discursive construction of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt Mohamad Elmasry The Egyptian press system Disloyal to Egypt Anti-revolutionary Conclusion 7 Student political activism in democratizing Egypt Abdel-Fattah Mady Introduction Emergence of Egypt’s student movement Student activism under Nasser Student activism during Sadat’s era Student activism during Mubarak’s era Post-January 25, 2011 revolution Conclusion SECTION III: ISLAM, SECULARISM, AND THE STATE 8 Egypt’s secularized intelligentsia and the guardians of truth Khaled Abou El Fadl 9 The truncated debate: Egyptian liberals, Islamists, and ideological statism Ahmed Abdel Meguid and Daanish Faruqi Introduction Liberals and the state: Authoritarian modernism Islamists and the state: The modernist paradox Conclusion: Post-Islamism and post-liberalism as post-statism SECTION IV: EGYPTIAN LIBERALS IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE POST-2013 10 Conflict and reconciliation: “Arab liberalism” in Syria and Egypt Emran El-Badawi Introduction State advocacy and the beginnings of Arab liberalism Activism and state opposition: The later development of Arab liberalism Egypt and Syria no more Silencing liberal activism in Egypt, ca. 1979–2013 Activists in conflict and artists in reconciliation, Egypt, ca. 2013– Temporary reconciliation with Assad, Syrian intellectuals, ca. 1982–2012 Conflict, exile and civil war: Liberal activism in Syria, ca. 2000–12 Burhan Ghalioun and Gaber Asfour, ca. 1990–2010 The Arab uprisings, 2011 Ghalioun and the SNC, 2011–12 Asfour, the ministry and Egypt’s return to military rule, 2011–14 Rabaa The limits of Arab liberalism 11 Egypt’s new liberal crisis Joel Gordon Heroes of the revolution The liberal crisis reconsidered Postscript: Five years on 12 Egyptian liberals and their anti-democratic deceptions: A contemporary sad narrative Amr Hamzawy Liberal ideas at a crossroads Grand deception one – Sequentialism Grand deception two – Nothing is more important than… Grand deception three – The notion of national necessity Grand deception four – Religion and politics Grand deception five – The state above everyone and everything Concluding remarks – Fascist techniques stepped up Conclusion: Does liberalism have a future in Egypt? Emad El-Din Shahin A liberal legacy New beginnings About the contributors Index
1 Egyptian liberals, from revolution to counterrevolution Daanish Faruqi and Dalia F. Fahmy Introduction The genealogies of Egyptian liberalism Structure of the argument Conclusion: Is liberalism contradictory? SECTION I: LIBERALISM AND THE EGYPTIAN STATE 2 Egypt’s structural illiberalism: How a weak party system undermines participatory politics Dalia F. Fahmy The party system in Egypt Elections in Egypt and why they matter The parliament as a site of contestation Political parties after the revolution: A liberal possibility Participatory politics under SCAF and the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood The 2015 parliament: The political consolidation of authoritarian rule Conclusion 3 Nasser’s comrades and Sadat’s brothers: Institutional legacies and the downfall of the Second Egyptian Republic Hesham Sallam The failure of contingent consent Institutional legacies and the limitations of agency-centered narratives The origins of the political field Conclusion 4 (De)liberalizing judicial independence in Egypt Sahar F. Aziz The three prongs of liberalism: Private, political, and legal liberty The liberal roots of Egypt’s judiciary Incremental deliberalization in the Mubarak era A counterrevolution in the courts Conclusion SECTION II: LIBERALISM AND EGYPTIAN CIVIL SOCIETY 5 The authoritarian state’s power over civil society Ann M. Lesch The structures of authoritarianism The post-25 January military regime Mohammad Morsi’s contradictory policies General Sisi’s constriction of the public space The consolidation of authoritarian control 6 Myth or reality?: The discursive construction of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt Mohamad Elmasry The Egyptian press system Disloyal to Egypt Anti-revolutionary Conclusion 7 Student political activism in democratizing Egypt Abdel-Fattah Mady Introduction Emergence of Egypt’s student movement Student activism under Nasser Student activism during Sadat’s era Student activism during Mubarak’s era Post-January 25, 2011 revolution Conclusion SECTION III: ISLAM, SECULARISM, AND THE STATE 8 Egypt’s secularized intelligentsia and the guardians of truth Khaled Abou El Fadl 9 The truncated debate: Egyptian liberals, Islamists, and ideological statism Ahmed Abdel Meguid and Daanish Faruqi Introduction Liberals and the state: Authoritarian modernism Islamists and the state: The modernist paradox Conclusion: Post-Islamism and post-liberalism as post-statism SECTION IV: EGYPTIAN LIBERALS IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE POST-2013 10 Conflict and reconciliation: “Arab liberalism” in Syria and Egypt Emran El-Badawi Introduction State advocacy and the beginnings of Arab liberalism Activism and state opposition: The later development of Arab liberalism Egypt and Syria no more Silencing liberal activism in Egypt, ca. 1979–2013 Activists in conflict and artists in reconciliation, Egypt, ca. 2013– Temporary reconciliation with Assad, Syrian intellectuals, ca. 1982–2012 Conflict, exile and civil war: Liberal activism in Syria, ca. 2000–12 Burhan Ghalioun and Gaber Asfour, ca. 1990–2010 The Arab uprisings, 2011 Ghalioun and the SNC, 2011–12 Asfour, the ministry and Egypt’s return to military rule, 2011–14 Rabaa The limits of Arab liberalism 11 Egypt’s new liberal crisis Joel Gordon Heroes of the revolution The liberal crisis reconsidered Postscript: Five years on 12 Egyptian liberals and their anti-democratic deceptions: A contemporary sad narrative Amr Hamzawy Liberal ideas at a crossroads Grand deception one – Sequentialism Grand deception two – Nothing is more important than… Grand deception three – The notion of national necessity Grand deception four – Religion and politics Grand deception five – The state above everyone and everything Concluding remarks – Fascist techniques stepped up Conclusion: Does liberalism have a future in Egypt? Emad El-Din Shahin A liberal legacy New beginnings About the contributors Index
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