Kingsley Adimabua

Evaluating the Causal Link Between Secondhand Smoke Exposure and Lung Cancer. An Application of Bradford Hill's Criteria (eBook, PDF)

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Scientific Study from the year 2025 in the subject Biology - Diseases, Health, Nutrition, , language: English, abstract: Secondhand smoke (SHS), also known as environmental tobacco smoke, has been widely studied for its detrimental health effects, particularly its association with lung cancer in non-smokers. Despite growing public health awareness and legislative measures to reduce SHS exposure, global prevalence remains significant, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This paper critically examines the relationship between secondhand smoke and lung cancer through the lens of Bradford Hill's nine criteria for establishing causality: strength, consistency, specificity, temporality, biological gradient, plausibility, coherence, experiment, and analogy. Findings from major epidemiological studies and meta-analyses show that exposure to SHS significantly increases lung cancer risk among non-smokers. The biological mechanisms-such as the presence of carcinogens like benzene and formaldehyde in SHS-offer strong plausibility. Moreover, temporal relationships are evident in cohort studies, while experimental and interventional data from smoke-free laws reveal reductions in SHS exposure and related disease burdens. Although challenges exist in measuring long-term exposure levels, the cumulative evidence supports a strong causal relationship. The application of Hill's criteria thus reinforces the need for stricter enforcement of public smoking bans and targeted education campaigns to protect vulnerable populations.

---

Dieser Download kann aus rechtlichen Gründen nur mit Rechnungsadresse in A, B, BG, CY, CZ, D, DK, EW, E, FIN, F, GR, HR, H, IRL, I, LT, L, LR, M, NL, PL, P, R, S, SLO, SK ausgeliefert werden.

Produktdetails

• Verlag: GRIN Verlag
• Seitenzahl: 11
• Erscheinungstermin: 9. Juli 2025
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9783389140109
• Artikelnr.: 74858032

Autorenporträt

Biography of Kingsley Adimabua: Kingsley Adimabua is a dedicated and experienced Humanitarian and Development worker hailing from Abuja, Nigeria. With a career spanning 11 years, Kingsley has made significant contributions to various esteemed organizations within the field. His passion for making a positive impact on communities and his expertise in Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) and Information and Knowledge Management have set him apart as a strong candidate. Throughout his professional journey, Kingsley has had the privilege of working with reputable organizations such as Malaria Consortium, Christian Aid, Cuso International, Save the Children, Oxfam Novib, eHealth Africa, CBM International, and Palladium in Nigeria. His notable achievements include establishing a harmonized Post Distribution Monitoring system for a consortium of organizations involved in the Nigerian Joint Humanitarian Response and implementing effective Information and Knowledge management systems for Oxfam Novib's humanitarian response. Kingsley's skill set extends beyond M&E and Information and Knowledge Management. He possesses expertise in establishing quality standards and internal quality assurance mechanisms and is proficient in statistical analysis using tools such as Excel, STATA, SPSS, Epi-Info, and MicroStrategy. Additionally, his excellent writing and presentation skills have been honed through his professional experience. Passionate about helping people and driven by a desire to make a difference, Kingsley is a valuable asset to any team. He thrives on challenges, demonstrates adaptability, and possesses strong leadership qualities. Kingsley's unwavering dedication to humanitarian and development work, combined with his affinity for working with numbers and figures, make him a valuable addition to any organization. In his pursuit of professional growth, Kingsley is eager to take on increased responsibilities and contribute to an organization's growth in a higher role. He is patient, adaptable, and committed to exceeding expectations. Kingsley's ultimate goal is to continue making a positive impact on communities and contribute to the growth and success of the organization he joins. If given the opportunity, Kingsley would be delighted to discuss his qualifications further in an interview. For any inquiries or to schedule an interview, please feel free to contact him via email at [e-mail].