Genes for Plant Abiotic Stress (eBook, PDF)

Redaktion: Jenks, Matthew A.; Wood, Andrew J.

• Format: PDF

Produktbeschreibung

Abiotic stresses caused by drought, salinity, toxic metals, temperature extremes, and nutrient poor soils are among the major constraints to plant growth and crop production worldwide. While crop breeding strategies to improve yields have progressed, a better understanding of the genetic and biological mechanisms underpinning stress adaptation is needed. Genes For Plant Abiotic Stress presents the latest research on recently examined genes and alleles and guides discussion of the genetic and physiological determinants that will be important for crop improvement in the future.

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Produktdetails

• Verlag: John Wiley & Sons
• Erscheinungstermin: 25. September 2009
• Englisch
• ISBN-13: 9780813809069
• Artikelnr.: 37351669

Autorenporträt

Matthew A. Jenks is Professor of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture at the Center for Plant Environmental Stress Physiology at Purdue University. Andrew J. Wood is Professor of Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology in the Department of Plant Biology at Southern Illinois University.

Inhaltsangabe

Contributors ix
Preface xiii
Section 1 Genetic Determinants of Plant Adaptation under Water Stress 3
Chapter 1 Genetic Determinants of Stomatal Function 5
Song Li and Sarah M. Assmann
Introduction 5
Arabidopsis as a Model System 7
How Do Stomates Sense Drought Stress? 7
Signaling Events inside Guard Cells in Response to Drought 11
Cell Signaling Mutants with Altered Stomatal Responses 15
Transcriptional Regulation in Stomatal Drought Response 22
Summary 24
References 25
Chapter 2 Pathways and Genetic Determinants for Cell Wall-based Osmotic
Stress Tolerance in the Arabidopsis thaliana Root System 35
Hisashi Koiwa
Introduction 35
Genes That Affect the Cell Wall and Plant Stress Tolerance 35
Genes and Proteins in Cellulose Biosynthesis 36
Pathways Involved in N-glycosylation and N-glycan Modifications 38
Dolichol Biosynthesis 38
Sugar-nucleotide Biosynthesis 39
Assembly of Core Oligosaccharide 40
Oligosaccharyltransferase 40
Processing of Core Oligosaccharides in the ER 42
Unfolded Protein Response and Osmotic Stress Signaling 42
N-glycan Re-glycosylation and ER-associated Protein Degradation 44
N-glycan Modification in the Golgi Apparatus 44
Ascorbate as an Interface between the N-glycosylation Pathway and Oxidative
Stress Response 46
Biosynthesis of GPI Anchor 46
Microtubules 47
Conclusion 48
References 49
Chapter 3 Transcription and Signaling Factors in the Drought Response
Regulatory Network 55
Matthew Geisler
Introduction 55
Drought Stress Perception 55
Systems Biology Approaches 56
Transcriptomic Studies of Drought Stress 63
The DREB/CBF Regulon 66
ABA Signaling 71
Reactive Oxygen Signaling 72
Integration of Stress Regulatory Networks 72
Assembling the Known Pathways and Expanding Using Gene Expression Networks'
Predicted Protein Interactions 74
Acknowledgments 75
References 75
Section 2 Genes for Crop Adaptation to Poor Soil 81
Chapter 4 Genetic Determinants of Salinity Tolerance in Crop Plants 83
Darren Plett, Bettina Berger, and Mark Tester
Introduction 83
Salinity Tolerance 85
Conclusion 100
References 100
Chapter 5 Unraveling the Mechanisms Underlying Aluminum-dependent Root
Growth Inhibition 113
Paul B. Larsen
Introduction 113
Mechanisms of Aluminum Toxicity 114
Aluminum Resistance Mechanisms 117
Aluminum Tolerance Mechanisms 120
Arabidopsis as a Model System for Aluminum Resistance, Tolerance, and
Toxicity 121
Aluminum-sensitive Arabidopsis Mutants 121
The Role of ALS3 in A1 Tolerance 122
ALS1 Encodes a Half-type ABC Transporter Required for Aluminum Tolerance
126
Other Arabidopsis Factors Required for Aluminum Resistance/Tolerance 128
Identification of Aluminum-tolerant Mutants in Arabidopsis 129
The Nature of the alt1 Mutations 132
Conclusions 138
References 138
Chapter 6 Genetic Determinants of Phosphate Use Effi ciency in Crops 143
Fulgencio Alatorre-Cobos, Damar López-Arredondo, and Luis Herrera-Estrella
Introduction 143
Why Improve Crop Nutrition and the Relationship with World Food Security?
143
Phosphorus and Crops: Phosphorus as an Essential Nutrient and Its Supply as
a Key Component to Crop Yield 144
Phosphorus and Plant Metabolism: Regulatory and Structural Functions 145
Phosphate Starvation: Adaptations to Phosphate Starvation and Current
Knowledge about Phosphate Sensing and Signaling Networks during Phosphate
Stress 146
Nutrient Use Efficiency 150
Genetic Determinants for the Phosphate Acquisition 150
Genetic Determinants for Pi Acquisition by Modulating Root System
Architecture 153
Genetic Determinants Involved with Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency 155
Genetic Engineering to Improve the Phosphate Use Efficiency 156
Conclusions 158
References 158
Chapter 7 Genes for Use in Improving Nitrate Use Efficiency in Crops 167
David A. Lightfoot
Introduction 167
The Two Forms of NUE: Regulation of Nitrogen Partitioning and Yield in
Crops 169
Mutants as Tools to Isolate Important Plant Genes 169
Transcript Analysis 174
Metanomic Tools for Extending Functional Genomics 174
Transgenics Lacking A Priori Evidence for NUE 175
Microbial Activity 176
Nodule Effects and Mycorrhizal Effects 178
Water Effects 178
Conclusions 178
References 179
Section 3 Genes for Plant Tolerance to Temperature Extremes 183
Chapter 8 Genes and Gene Regulation for Low-temperature Tolerance 185
Mantas Survila, Pekka Heino, and E. Tapio Palva
Introduction 185
Protective Mechanisms Induced during Cold Acclimation 188
Regulation of Gene Expression 192
Cross Talk between Abiotic and Biotic Stress Responses 207
Conclusions and Future Perspectives 207
Acknowledgments 209
References 209
Chapter 9 Genetic Approaches toward Improving Heat Tolerance in Plants 221
Mamatha Hanumappa and Henry T. Nguyen
Introduction 221
Thermotolerance 221
High Temperature Impact and Plant Response to Heat Stress 223
Mechanism of Heat Tolerance in Plants 230
Genetic Approaches to Improve Heat Tolerance in Crops 235
The Effect of Stress Combination 244
Evolving Techniques 246
Conclusion and Perspectives 247
References 247
Section 4 Integrating Plant Abiotic Stress Responses 261
Chapter 10 Genetic Networks Underlying Plant Abiotic Stress Responses 263
Arjun Krishnan, Madana M.R. Ambavaram, Amal Harb, Utlwang Batlang, Peter E.
Wittich, and Andy Pereira
Introduction 263
Plant Responses to Environmental Stresses 264
Transcriptome Analysis of Abiotic Stress Responses 270
Gene Network of Universal Abiotic Stress Response 274
Conclusions 276
References 276
Chapter 11 Discovering Genes for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants
281
Michael Popelka, Mitchell Tuinstra, and Clifford F. Weil
Introduction 281
Salt Stress 286
Heat Stress 287
Oxidative Stress 288
Nutrient/Mineral Stress 289
Plant Architecture and Morphology 290
Evolutionary Conservation and Gene Discovery 291
Conclusion 292
References 292
Index 303